is the verbal
base as well as the stem for 1st person singular suffix {- }
and it is the base for future stem formative {-s-} whereas /b swa ũ/
is the verbal base for {-g-} future stem formative which itself is a full
form also. Thus we can say that the contingent form is the verbal base for
the future formative {-g-}. And when we compare /b€sũgo/
with /bswaũgo/
we can say that one is intransitive base and another is the causal base.
From this we can say that verbal stem is consist of verbal base followed
by plus or minus stem formative marking tense or aspect and the verbal
base may be intransitive, transitive , causal, compound or conjunct.
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|
A verbal base itself can occur as verbal form in the IInd person
singular imperative. Thus verbal form may be written as :
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|
|
|
G.N. |
| V® |
Vs
|
+
|
P.N.
|
|
|
|
Tense
|
|
Vs ®
|
Vb
|
+
|
Aspect
|
|
|
|
Infinitive
|
|
|
|
Ir
|
|
|
|
Tr.
|
|
Vb®
|
|
|
cau.
|
|
|
|
compound
|
|
|
|
conj.
|
|
|
Verbal bases such as intransitives, transitive, causatives, compound
and conjunct are manifested as verbal stems.
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|
|
|
All the verbs can be divided into intransitive, transitive and
causatives on the basis of their syntactic function and verbs can further
be divided into simple, compound and conjunct depending on the internal composition. In a simple
verbal stem there would be a single member always a verb : intransitive,
transitive, causative, denominative. In Gojri both intransitive and
transitive can be the verb roots whereas causatives and denominatives are
always derived from intransitive or transitive roots. Some single verbs
have four alternant-intransitive, transitive and two causatives, in that
case one is verbal root and the others are derived bases from the root.
Root stems are primary stems and other are derived stems. We shall talk of
each verbal stem below :
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|
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These are those verbs which cannot take object in a sentence.
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Examples are :
|
|
kUtto
|
p k€
|
‘The
|
dog
|
may
|
bark’
|
|
1
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
2 |
|
| |
|
hũ
|
k r
|
jaũ
|
 |
‘I
|
go
|
home’
|
| 1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
1 |
3-4 |
2 |
|
| |
|
hũ
|
grã
|
tũ
|
pk
|
mU ũgo
|
|
‘I
|
shall
|
return
|
from
|
the
|
village
|
tomorrow’
|
|
1
|
2
|
3
|
4 |
5
|
|
1 |
|
5 |
3 |
|
2
|
4 |
|
| |
|
bu a
|
ga
|
pttr
|
ha
|
‘The
|
leaves
|
of
|
the
|
tree
|
fell’
|
|
1
|
2 |
3 |
4 |
|
3 |
2 |
|
1 |
4 |
|
|
Some intransitive verbal bases are morphologically related with the
transitive verbal bases because former is derived from the latter base by
adding {-f}
suffix and there are morphophonemic
|
