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BROKSKAT GRAMMAR
N.Ramaswami
.1.4. Case:

The case defines the relationship between the noun and the predicate in a sentence. Even though the genitive indicate a relationship between two nouns, it is also considered a case traditionally. The number of cases in a language may be set up on the basis of the different forms of the case markers and their different meanings. But, there is not always one to one correspondence between form and meaning. Whenever there is a discrepancy, the case is set up on the basis of distinct meaning. For example, the same case marker is used for both Accusative and Dative and another one for both INstrumental and Ablative. Since there are another one for both Instrumental and Ablative. Since there are four different meanings, four cases are set up. Following this procedure ten cases may be set up for Brokskat, viz., Agentive, Accusative, Dative, Benefactive, Locative, Sociative, Instrumental, Ablative, Genitive and Vocative. All the case markers except Benefative, Instrumental, Ablative and Sociative are bound forms and are suffixed to the noun except the vocative case marker which is prefixed one. The cases and their markers are given below:


Cases

Markers

1. Agentive Case -i, -sa, -ya
2. Accusative Case -Ra
3. Dative Case -Ra
4. Benefactive Case -phya:i
5. Locative Case -Ra, -a
6. Instrumental Case -sa
7. Sociative Case cisuma
8. Gentive Case -s, -n
9. Ablative Case ono
10. Vocative Case va-, li-

2.1.4.1. Agentive Case:

The nominative case defines the subject. The case marker is added when the sentence has a transitive verb. The allomorphs of the nominative case markers are -i, -sa, and -ya. They are morphologically conditioned.

-sa occurs when the transitive verb is in the non-past.

ma-sa sinaRa skiyu:s
            1            2              3                
 ‘I see the child’
   1    3              2         
sina-sa teRa skiya:le
      1              2            3           
 ‘the child sees him’
              1        3       2        
so-sa sinaRa skiya:le
         1        2                  3           
 ‘he sees the child’
        1      3               2            
Ra:m-sa mani:li va:le
       1               2              3         
 ‘Rama eats bread’
          1           3         2              

-ya occurs when the transitive verb is in the past and in the perfect and when the subject is a common noun or pronoun.


mi-ya Ra:zit 
     1           2         
‘I said’
   1    2        
ti-ya kRum kRamit
      1         2             3           
 ‘you finished the work’
1           3                   2  
so-ya kita:p silithet
     1           2            3           
 ‘he read the book’
      1       3               2           
sa-ya olok zbRi:thet
  1            2            3         
 ‘she wrote a story’
     1         3            2         
go:liyo-ya mo:s naat
           1                  2          3             
 ‘cow did not eat meat’
        1            3      4        2             


-i occurs when the transitive verb is in the past and in the perfect and when the subject is a proper noun.

Ra:m-i mani:li at
      1            2          3       
 ‘Ram ate bread’
      1      3        2          
gopa:l-i khazaso hinit
     1                 2             3          
‘Gopal cut the fruit’
    1       3              2       
gopa:l-i pho gulu phitat 
      1           2         3         4            
‘Gopal broke that stick’
    1          4          2      3          

he nominative case marker is equivalent to -ne in Hindi in one respect, in that both are used only in the transitive

       

                                       

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