[dh], dental voiced
aspirated stop, is produced same as [d] except aspiration. A heavy puff of
air accompanies the release. The vocal cords are vibrating.
|
Examples :
|
|
|
[ h],
retroflex voiced aspirated stop, is produced same as [d] except aspiration.
A heavy puff of air accompanies the release. The vocal cords are vibrating.
|
Examples: |
 h l
|
‘drum (made of wood)’ |
h a
|
‘hole’ |
hI a
|
‘coagulate’ |
hlkh^ i
|
‘drumstick’ |
h^ŋkh  i
|
‘lid’ |
h^hI a
|
‘rough’ |
|
| [gh], velar voiced
aspirated stop, is produced same as [g], except aspiration. A heavy puff of
air accompanies the release. The vocal cords are vibrating. |
Examples: |
| gh^u
|
‘wound’ |
| gha:ri |
‘cage’ |
| gha:rna |
‘eclipse’ |
gh : a
|
‘bell, clock’ |
| gh^^w
|
‘to stir (while cooking rice)’ |
gh^u gi
|
‘to heel (wound)’ |
|
| [č]
palatal voiceless affricate, is produced as this: the front part of the
tongue is raised to touch the hard palate. The air behind the closure is
compressed due to pressure from the lungs. The contact of the tongue with
the hard palate is withdrawn slowly causing friction after explosion. The
vocal cords do not vibrate. |
Examples: |
| č^s |
‘field’ |
č^ u |
‘pot’ |
| ča:i
|
‘key’ |
| č^m
|
‘umbrella’ |
|
|
č^u |
‘moon’ |
|
čauli |
‘rice’ |
| r^ča
|
‘to pull’ |
| d^čl
|
‘mane’ |
| b^ñč^w
|
‘alive’ |
| hrčč^i
|
‘wall lizard’ |
|
[j], apalatal voiced affricate, is produced same as [č]
except voicing. The vocal cords are vibrating.
|
| Examples: |
| ja:ŋ |
‘bone’ |
j^ a
|
‘husband’s brother’ |
| j^i |
‘mat’ |
| j^lm
|
‘net’ |
| jIrb
|
‘warm’ |
| ra:ja |
‘king’ |
| p^ñja
|
‘foot print’ |
| ba:a:ji |
‘monk’ |
| trbu:j
|
‘water melon’ |
|
| [čh],
palatal voiceless aspirated affricate, is produced same as [č]
except aspiration. A heavy puff of air accompanies the release. The vocal
cords do not vibrate. |
| Examples: |
|
|
| [jh], palatal voiced aspirated
affricate, is produced same as [j] except aspiration. A heavy puff of air
accompanies the release. The vocal cords are vibrating. |
