‘My Bhumij dictionary is
very big and it is in the box’
4.
bumij
jagar-rea
bi-ko
huiŋ
heke
Bhumij
language-case
book-pl.
small
are
ar
ina-ko
baks-re
mena
and
it-pl.
box-case
are
‘The books of Bhumij
language are small and they are in the Box.
3. The anaphoric pronouns occur to the right of their
antecedent.
5.
soma
menla
a?e
hasui
tailena?e
‘Soma said he was sick’
6.
soma
menla
a?e
alaki
tailena?e
‘Soma said he was intelligent’
7.
suni
menla
a?e
hasu¸i
tailena?e
‘Suny said she was sick’
4. Reflexive pronoun is a pronoun whose antecedent occurs
in the same simple sentence and it is the subject of this sentence.
8.
soma
a?e
a?e-te
dugen
- len - a -
?e
‘Soma
he
he-case
shave
-asp-cop-PT
‘Soma shaved himself’
9.
am
am--am
-te
jom- a -m
you-you
-case
eat- cop -PT
‘You eat uourself’
10.
aiŋ
aiŋ-te
dal-en-tan - a - iŋ
I
I-case
beat-present-cop-PT
‘I am beating myself’
5. When there are two nouns or noun phrases to the left
of the pronoun, the sentence will be ambiguous and the pronoun may go to
both the preceding nouns and noun phrases.
11.
kartik
soma-ke
meta-l-i-a
do
suni
a?e-ke
sennam-
karthik
Soma-case
tell-past
that
Suny
he-case
visit-
g-i
- a
present
-cop
‘Karthik told Soma that Suny will visit
him’
The pronoun a?eke ‘him’ may refer to either karthik or
Soma.
6. Back pronominalization is possible in this language as
seeen in the following sentences.
12.
kuihona
okoii
a?e-ke
sukua - g - i-a ini
soma - ke
girl
who
he-case
love-present-she
Soma-case
sabais
- l - i - a
praise
-past-cop
‘The girl who loves him praised Soma’
13.
kuihona
okoii
a?e-ke
sukua-l-i
- a
ini
girl
who
he-case
love-past
-cop
she
ruya-ke
deŋga-naten
soma-ke
uskaw
- l - i - a
Ruya-case
help-for
Soma-case
persuade
-past-cop
‘The girl who loved him persuaded Soma
to help Ruya’
1. When a sentence is subordinated to another sentence, it
is called embedding. An embedded sentence may be a modifier of an NP. The
relative clause is one such modifying sentence. It may have a pronoun which
is derived from the embedded sentence when it is identical with the NP in
the matrix sentence which the embedded sentence modified. The relative
pronouns
a
-re
iŋ
i
alaki 
