[ã] low back unrounded short nasalized vowel,
is produced same as the vowel [a] except nasalization. The velum lowered so
that the air will pass through nasal passage.
Examples:
ãh^w
‘kneel’
pãk
‘mud’
nãwã
‘new’
phãse
‘to catch with rope’
sãhãs
‘brave’
jhãwrãw
‘to spread out’
[^], lower mid back unrounded shoet vowel, is
produced this: the back of the tongue is raised and the tongue height
lowermind. The lips are spread. The soft palate is raised and the vocal
cords vibrate.
Examples:
r^a
‘floor'
k^mi
‘to work’
t^r^n
‘shoulder’
j^¸i
‘fence’
d^r^
‘to protest’
^¸u
‘bubble’
g^ma
‘towel’
k^ñi
‘basket’
m^n^Iñ
‘to admit’
[o] highermind back rounded short vowel, is
produced as the back of the tongue is raised and the tongue height is
higher-mid. The lips are rounded. The soft palate is raised and the vocal
cords vibrate.
Examples:
ol
‘to write’
om
‘to give’
os^r
‘wide’
onhEa
‘to neglect’
ondbIs^s
‘superstition’
jlo
‘to burn’
^o
‘finger’
kmbo
‘goitre’
[o:] highermid back rounded long vowel, is produced same as
the previous vowel [o] except the length. The tongue and the lips are tense.
Examples:
o:
‘vote’
o:Et
‘epilepsy’
tho:i
‘bag’
go:a
‘cowshed’
mo:a
‘worship’
go:¸hi
‘joint’
ro:g^^n
‘weakness’
jho:rka
‘window’
[õ] highermid back rounded short nasalized vowel, is
produced same as the vowel [o] except nasalization. The velum is lowered, so
that the air will pass through nasala passage.
i
k
^ndi
a
a:nuni 
u
Iñ
bIs^s
lo
o
^n
