is highermid. The soft palate is raised to block
the entry of air into the nasal passage. The lips are spread and vocal cords
vibrate.
Examples:
esk^r
‘alone’
e^r^N
‘quarrel’
ekla:w
‘to tremble’
ekd^m
‘quite’
esk^rge
‘along’
ke
‘frog’
Ee
‘sunshine’
t^ymte
‘after’
d^rve
‘toad’
[e:] highermid front unrounded long vowel, is
produced same as the previous vowel [e], except the length.
Examples:
e:y
‘to call some one’
e:¸E?
‘to erase’
le:¸^?
‘earth worm’
pe:a
‘guest’
[]
highermid front unrounded short nasalized vowels, produced same as the vowel
[e] except the nasalization. The velum is lowered so that the air will pass
through nasal passage.
Examples:
bnt
‘cane’
hsa
‘pipal tree’
hsra:w
‘to pant’
s^i
‘squeak’
[E] mean-mid front unrounded short vowel, is
produced same as the vowel [e] except the tongue height, which is lower the
highermid. The lips and tongue are lax.
Examples:
lEl
‘to see’
nEsa
‘this side’
sEa
‘dog’
tEa
‘to reach’
pEre
‘full’
gEsa
‘top tan (leather)’
mEi
‘ram’
dEhEri
‘priest’
jE
EsIñgi
‘summer’
[a] low central unrounded short vowel, i
sproduced as this: the tongue is held down in the floor of the month. The
middle partof the tongue is raised. The lips are neutral. The tongue tip is
slightly retracted from the lower teeth. The soft palate is raised to block
the entry of air into the nasal passage. The vocal cords vibrate.
a
o
‘they’
arji
‘to complain’
ar^n
‘yoke’
abrm
‘to brood (as hen)’
akri
‘to germinate’
ga
‘everywhere’
h^ga
‘brother’
h^rta
‘skin’
jho:rka
‘window’
[a:] low back unrounded long vowel, is produced
same as the vowel [a] except the length. The tongue and lips are tense.
^r^N
ke
E
e
e
E?
^?
a
]
highermid front unrounded short nasalized vowels, produced same as the vowel
[e] except the nasalization. The velum is lowered so that the air will pass
through nasal passage.
nt
a
a
k
a 
