[] mean mid back rounded short
vowel, is produced same as the vowel [o] except the tongue height which is
meanmid. The lips are rounded. The soft palate is raised and the vocal cords
vibrate.
Examples:
r
‘colour’
ma
‘corpse’
mErm
‘goat’
kka
‘mad’
dn
‘sandalwood’
jnm
‘birth’
brlm
‘spear’
prtm
‘first’
[] lowermid back
rounded short vowel, is produced as this: the back of the tongue is raised
and the tongue height is lower mid. The lips are rounded. The soft palate is
raised and vocal cords vibrate.
Examples:
a
‘house’
rjn
‘milk’
Is
‘office’
mr
‘immortal’
sph
‘bad oman’
si
‘eighty’
dya
‘pity, kind’
b^n
‘God’
grb
‘pride’
dhrm
‘religion’
[u], high back rounded short vowel, is produced as this:
the back of the tongue is raised and it nearly closes the passage. The tip
of the tongue is retracted from the lower teeth. The lips are rounded. The
soft palate is raised and the vocal cords vibrate.
Examples:
uu
‘thought’
um
‘to create’
u?p
‘point’
umbl
‘shade’
urn
‘to begin’
m^mu
‘maternal aunt’
kmu
‘dream’
nlku
‘
’nose ring’
sg^u
‘beautiful’
[u:], high back rounded long vowel, is produced same as the
previous vowel [u] except the length. The tongue and lips are tense.
Examples:
gu:m
‘winnowing pan’
pu:s
‘name of a month (Dec-Jan)’
Psu:ri
‘blister’
lu:i
‘laddle’
ku:am
‘chest’
ju:la
‘oven’
sgu:ti
‘friend’
ghu:ikha:i
‘sugar cane’
[ǔ], high back
rounded short nasalized vowel, is produced same as the vowel [u] except the
nasalization. The velum is lowered and the air passes through nasal passage.
] mean mid back rounded short
vowel, is produced same as the vowel [o] except the tongue height which is
meanmid. The lips are rounded. The soft palate is raised and the vocal cords
vibrate.
a
d
] lowermid back
rounded short vowel, is produced as this: the back of the tongue is raised
and the tongue height is lower mid. The lips are rounded. The soft palate is
raised and vocal cords vibrate.
a
Is
ph
^n
i
