The
negative is formed by replacing ‘to’ by ‘yo’. Hence the permissive
marker does not undergo any change as in the earlier case.
m
mi lakneyo
‘don’t allow him to take’
he acc. take-m.-neg.
mmi
inkneyo.
‘don’t allow him to go’
he acc. go-m.-neg.
m
mi lukneyo
‘don’t allow him to tell’
he acc. tell-m.-neg.
When
someone wants to get permission for a third person, then the interrogative
is formed by adding ‘pe a’ in the place of ‘to’.
In natural conversation, ‘pe a’ is realized as ‘pya’.
‘pe a’ occurs alongwith the non-proximal future as seen
in the following examples.
m
mi inknecipya?
‘do (you) allow him
to go’
he acc. go-m.-f.t.-int.
m
mi luknecipya?
‘do (you) allow him
to tell’
he acc. tell-m.-s.f.t.-int
m
mi bikne
cipya?
‘do (you) allow him
to give’
he acc. give-m.s.f.t.
int.
When
the request is made in first person, ‘pe’ alone is added with the
permissive marker. The word - ice ‘little’ is used to indicate politeness.
mi
ice inknempe
‘may I go’
I-acc. little go-m.-int.
mi
ice luknempe
‘may I tell’
I-acc. little tell-m.-int.
mi
ice mknempe
‘may I do (it)’
I-acc. little do-m.-int.
Imperative
: The imperative sentence is that which expresses
command or instruction and it is associated with second person.
In Apatani two forms are used to form imperatives. When the
hearer is in proximity or the proposed place of action is
in proximity (with reference to the speaker) when ‘to’
is added to the verb to form imperative.
mi
ink
ne
to
