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| Sub-ordinators
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| Sub-ordinators
in Anagmi my be broadly divided into temporal and non-temporal
sub-ordinators. While temporal sub-ordinators have some bearing
upon the temporal relationship between the verb phrases in the
embedded or sub-ordinate clause and the embedding or main
clause, non-temporal sub-ordinators have no such relationship.
Non-temporal sub-ordinators may be further subdivided into (a)
quotative, (b) conditional, (c) pseudo-conditional, (d)
contingent, (e) causal, (f) resultative, (g) concessive and (h)
disjunctive. |
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| Temporal
Sub-ordinators |
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(1) k
and r denote that the
action of the main clause takes place at a point of time in the
course of action of the sub-ordinate clause or that the two
actions are simultaneous. They are roughly equivalent to the
English sub-ordinators ‘when’ and ‘while’. k
is added to the nominalised form of the verb while r
is added to the non-nominalized form. |
| |
 1
l s k2
n3
v rkz k4
|
‘I1met<7
(with)6her5
while (I was) |
pu 5
z6
ks <7
|
coming4 to3
school2’ |
 v 1
ksktsk2
3h4
|
‘I1 will6
give5this4 when2
we |
khs5
ty 6
|
(incl. du.)1 meet2’ |
| pu1
vrzr2
chl3
|
‘He1 met with
trouble/accident5 |
| n4
ktspftsli5
|
on4 (the) way3,
when/while2 (he)1 |
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was coming2’ |
|
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(2) tsmth,
mmth
and lits
denote that the actions of the main and embedded verbs form a
temporal continuum, the former beginning the moment the latter
terminates. They may be tranlated into English as ‘as soon as’,
‘ne sooner . . . . . . . . . . . . than . . . . . . . . . . . .
. .’ etc. |
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(a) 1
vr2
tsmth3
h4
tsh s5
ty6
or |
|
vr
mmth
h tshs
ty |
| ‘I1
will6do5this4
as soon as3 (i)1
come2’ |
| (b) pu1
pu2
b3
tsli4
‘(He)1 wrote6as
soon3 as5he1 |
mmth5
lsth s6
reached4 his2 place3’ |
| (c) pu1 2
h3
mmth4 |
5
s lit 6
or ‘(He)1 recognized6
me5as soon |
| pu1 2
h3
lits4 5
as4 he1 saw3
me2’ |
| slit6 |
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| (3) mhdz
denotes that the action of the sub-ordinate clause takes place
after the action of the main clause, its English equivalent
being ‘before’. It is added to the nominalized form of the verb. |
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n 1
vrkts2
mhdz3
tr4
s5 |
| ‘It rained4
a lot5beofore3 you
(sg.)1came2 or
before3 (your) coming3’ |
pu1
hn2
kvr3
mhdz4 5
pu6  <7 |
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| ‘I know him
before he came here or before (his) coming here’ |
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(4) in
denotes the opposite of mhdz
viz. that the action of the sub-ordinate clause takes place
before the action indetified by the main clause. It may be
translated as ‘after’ |
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| 1
vrkli2 in3 4
|
‘Meet6(with)5
me4 after3 I1
come2 |
| z5
ksli6
|
or after3 (my) coming2’ |
1
hn2
vr
kt 3
|
‘After4 I1
came3 here2, it
rained |
| in4
trwt5
|
and stopped5’ |
|
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| (5) ywn
and zn
denote that the action of the main clause takes place from the
time of the action of the sub-ordinate clause. The two actions
are temporally coterminous. There is no essential difference
between them as sub-ordinators. The only difference between ywn
and zn
is that ywn
may occur as a post-position while zn
cannot. Their near-equivalent in English is ‘since’. |
| |
| pu1
thnlikli2
ywn3
pu4
z5
krt6 |
| ‘He1
has changed3 his4
behaviour5since3
(he) married2 or since3
marrying2’ |
1
kwhr2
vrkli3
zn4 
kri5
mt6 |
| ‘Sonce I
came to Kohima (I) have stopped drinking’ |
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| (6) chi
denotes that the action of the main clause takes place as long
as the action of the sub-ordinate clause takes place. It may be
translated into English as ‘till’ or ‘as long as’. |
| |
1
hn2
kb
chi3
 4
|
‘(I)1 will6
help5you4 as
long as3 |
khrh 5
ty6
|
I1 am3
here2’ |
| pu1
kwhr2
kb
|
‘She1 was happy4
as long as (she) |
| chi3
pun
s b4
|
was3 in Kohima2’ |
|
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| (7) kmchi
also denotes that the action of the main clause takes place till
the action of the sub-ordinate clause takes place. |
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| pu1
vr2
kmchi3 4
|
‘I1 will<7
be6here5until3
he1 |
| hn5
b6
ty7
|
comes’ |
|
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| Except mmtha,
tsmth,
lits
and kmchi
all the other temporal sub-ordinators follow the nominalized
form of the verb. |
