| |
|
|
| 10.1.3 The
Appositive Noun Phrase |
| |
| An Appostive
noun phrase, which is composed of two noun phrases juxtaposed,
may be attributive or co-ordinate. |
| |
 1
 hg m mi 2
|
‘we1, (the) Angamis2’ |
klho pli1
kpth 2
|
‘Kelhoupielie1, the
teacher2’ |
z  u 1
ththn pf 2
|
‘Zishuo1 the
prostitute2’ |
svli 1
ls kphrmi2
|
‘Savilie1, a3
student2’ |
pu 3 |
|
|
| |
| 10.2 The
Predicate Phrase |
| |
| A Predicate
phrase may be built up of a noun phrase and/or a verb phrase, as
noted earlier. The composition of the noun phrase is the same
whether it functions as the subject or part of a predicate
phrase (see 10.1.0). A verb phrase is built up of a verb- a
predicate phrase (see 10.1.0). A verb phrase is built up of a
verb- the nucleus of a verb phrase - and certain other following
or preceding elements. It may contain the verb alone, which may
be finite or non-finite. The post-verb elements consist of the
tense-marker, the aspect marker, the mood morker, the purposive
marker, the conjuctive participle marker or the negative marker.
The adverb may precede or follow the verb. |
| |
| (a) |
t r1
ty2 |
‘It1 will2
rain1’ |
| (b) |
1
sgr2
ty 3
m4
|
‘I1 don’t4
smoke3 (cigarettes)2’ |
| (c) |
n 1
kdpu2
tsh b 3
|
‘What2 are3
you1 doing3?’ |
| (d) |
pu1
hn2
v rlyv3
|
‘She1 may come3
here2’ |
| (e) |
k1
vt
tykh2
|
‘Let2 us (incl.pl.)1
go2’ |
| (f) |
n1
kl2
mr3
|
‘You1 should3
sing2’ |
| (g) |
mhts lid1
vli2
|
‘Eat and1 go2’ |
| (h) |
pu
b1
mhtshi2
|
‘Don’t2 let him1
eat2’ |
| (i) |
dkhrw1
ty d2
|
‘In order to2 kill1’ |
| (j) |
slikty
l |
‘In order to learn’ |
| (k) |
pu1
pun2-r3
|
‘If3 she1
is happy2’ |
|
| |
| The surface
order would be |
| |
| V
± Valency-role markers
± aspect ±
mood ± tense ±
participial ± neg. |
| |
| The habitual
aspect marker and the tense marker do not co-occur. The relative
participial suffix k
follows the verb root but precedes the valency-role marker or
the tense/aspect markers. |
| |
| 10.3.0 The
Clause |
| |
| A Clause is
built up of a Verb phrase-whose verb is finite or non-finite and
one or more noun phrases. |
| |
| 10.3.1 A
clause is built up of a finite verb phrase and one or more
phrase preceding it. It may contian the verb phrase alone as in
the first two examples below: |
| |
vr
liknjt
|
‘couldn’t come’ |
| v
b |
‘am/is/are well’ |
| 1
ny2
v b3
|
‘My1 son2
is doing well3’ |
| k1
ptk2
v b
z3
|
‘All2 of us (incl.pl.)1
are doing well3’ |
1
 2
h3
|
‘I1 saw3
you (sg.)2’ |
| 1
2
k3
h4
|
‘I1 saw4
your2 house3’ |
| 1
d2
bzr3
nn4
5
h6
|
‘I1 saw6
you5 yesterday2
in4 (the) bazaar3’ |
| 1
d2
3
h4
|
‘I1 saw4
you (sg.)3 yesterday2’ |
| 1
d2
bzr3
nn4
|
‘I4 saw9
you5 and6 your7
wife8 |
h
s 1 2
d3
bzr4
nn5
|
‘Surpirsingly,1 I2
saw10 him6 |
| pu6
m7
pu8
kmi9
h10
|
and7his8
wife9 in5 (the)
bazaar4 yesterday3’ |
| 1
pu2
pu3
zd4
li5
|
‘I1 saw8
him2 going7to6
(the) |
| n6
ckz7
h8
|
field5 with7
her3’ |
|
| |
| The only
instance when a clause is without a verb (phrase) is in
equational sentences where the predicate phrase is a noun
phrase. |
| |
| pu1 2
nypf3
|
‘She1 (is) my2
daughter3’ |
| lsd1
h2
kvth
z3
|
‘This2 (is) the best3
book1’ |
| k1
2
k3
g4
|
‘Which1 (is) your2
house3?4’ |
| klktt1
rn2
kz3
|
‘Calcutta1 (is a) big3
city2’ |
|
| |
| 10.3.2 A
sub-orinate caluse may also be built up of a finite verb phrase
and one or more phrases preceding it. The overriding difference
between a main clause and a subordinate clause is that a
sub-ordinate clause begins or (more commonly) ends with a
‘sub-ordinator’ which renders the clause incomplete in meaning.
A sub-ordinate clause, then, does not constitute a sentence to
make complete sense. Sub-ordinate clauses normally precede main
clauses. |
