| |
|
|
| Sentences- |
| |
 1
pu 2
tsl k ts 3s4
|
‘I1 heard4
her2 singing3’ |
t  di1
slikty 2
r 3
|
‘To learn2 Angami1
is3 not5 |
| z4
m5
|
difficult3 at all4’ |
kpru (r )1
rkts2
|
‘Flying2 planes1
is dangerous3’ |
km chi
b 3 |
|
|
| |
| 6.9 The
Infinitive |
| |
| The
Infinitive or rather the purposive is expressed by l
‘for’ which follows the gerundial form of the verb or by d
a quotative which follows the verb in its future tense form.
Both express the purpose of the action denoted by the finite
verbin the sentence the latter being somewhat similar to one of
the Dravidian modes of forming the purposive by using the
quotative. |
| |
| slikty
l |
‘for learning; to learn’ |
| sli
ty d
|
‘in order to learn’ |
khruh
ty l |
‘for helping’ |
khruh
ty  d
|
‘to help’ |
v r
ty l
|
‘for coming’ |
| vr
ty d
|
‘to come’ |
| tsl
tshkty
l |
‘for singing a song’ |
| tsl
tsh ty d |
‘to sing a song’ |
| ttkty
l |
‘for running away’ |
| tt
ty d
|
‘to run away’ |
|
| |
| 6.10 The
Negative |
| |
| The Negative
in Angami has six markers: |
| |
| (1) lh
is a portmanteau auxiliary, marking negative indicative in the
future tense. |
| (2) -hi
or -hi is the negative
imperative or prohibitive. It also marks negation in the
hortativemood. |
(3)
 u
marks negation in the obligational mood marked by mru. |
(4) liknj
negates the modal of ability |
| (5) m
or m marks negation in
any other verbal form and is also used as a free form in
answeringa question. |
(6)
 b
the politer negativizer may also be used as a free form. |
| |
| j
‘nothing’ is used to mark the negative of the verb b
‘to have; to be’ in free variation with b
m, m
being the usual negative marker. |
| |
1
t 2
j3
|
‘I1 have no3
time2’ |
| pu1
pn2
j3
|
‘He1 does not have3
(a) pen2’ |
| 1
pris2
j3
|
‘I1 have no3
money2’ |
|
| |
| Order |
| |
| The negative
marker follows the verb as a rule and never precedes it. |
| |
It is the
penultimate element in the verb phrase if l
a particle of intensity or emphasis or t ,
the definitive or the valency-role marker or the perfective
aspect marker is present. It is the final element in the
habitual aspect and in the progressive aspect which is marked by
the auxiliary verb b
but may follow the verb root if the progressive marker is the
suffix - i.
In the dubitative mood, m
may follow the verb root or the r
of rlyv
‘may/ might’. |
| |
| The negative
imperative or prohibitive hie is added to the verb root. It may
be followed by the imperative markers thi
or cie but not any other imperative marker. |
| |
| The negative
marker precedes the interrogative particles and the conditional,
pesudo-conditional and contingency modals. |
| |
| Illustative
examples- |
| |
| (1) pu1
vr lh2-t3
|
‘He1 will not come2
(definitely)3’ |
tf 1
r2
lh3
|
‘(The) dog1 won’t3
bark2’ |
pu1
 2 h 3
lh4
t5
|
‘She1 will not4
marry3 you2
(definitely)5’ |
| |
|
(2) h n1
vrhi2
|
|
| hn1
vrhici2
} |
‘Don’t come1 here2’ |
| tjhi
|
|
| tjhieci
|
‘Don’t tell a lie’ |
| h1
tjhhi2 |
|
| h1
tshhici2
|
‘Don’t eat2 thi’ |
| nhcnyy1
pkrhi2 |
|
| nhcnyy2
pkrhici2
|
‘Don’t make2 the baby1
cry2’ |
| 1
kbvhie2
|
‘Don’t trouble2 me1’ |
| k
n1
vhi2 |
|
| k
n1
vhici2
|
‘Don’t go2 home1’ |
| k
n1
vhithi2
|
‘Please don’t go2 home1’ |
pu
b 1
vrhici2
|
‘Let him1 not come2’ |
kr
b1
tthici2
|
‘Let the rope1 not
break2’ |
 k
b1
tythici2
|
‘Let them (pl.)1 not
go2’ |
| pu
b1
mhtshi2
|
‘Don’t2 let him1
eat2’ |
| k1
vhi2
kh3
|
‘Let2 us (incl.pl.)1
not go2’ |
| v1
zthi2
kh3
|
‘Let3 us (incl.du.)1
not sleep2’ |
|
