:: CIIL Grammars ::

Download Angami Book

6.6.14 The subjunctive or contrafactual mood which expresses the contrafactual in the main clause with an unfulfilled condition in the subordinate clause is indicated by (m

following the future tense form of the verb.

² p

³-r

⁴

⁵ v

r ty

⁶

‘If⁴ you¹ had told³ me², I⁵ would have come⁶’

¹ mi

tsh

²-r

³ n

⁴ r

⁵ s

(ty

) (m

) r

⁶

‘If³ you¹ were a parent², you⁴ also⁵ would have come to know⁶’

6.6.15 The conditional mood is expressed by suffixing r

to the verb.

pu¹ vr²-r³	‘If³ he¹ comes²’
pu¹ pun²-r³	‘If³ he¹ likes²’
k¹ v² liv³-r⁴	‘If⁴ they(pl.)¹ can³ go²’
pu¹ ² pun³-r⁴	‘If⁴ she¹ likes³ me²’
n¹ rk² pu³ pi⁴ ⁴	‘If⁴ you¹ give⁴ me⁵ one³ rupee²’
ts⁴-r⁶

6.6.16 The mood of contingency differs from the conditional mood in its weaker possibility of occurence and is expressed in English in clauses like ‘In case (I come . . . .)’ or ‘Supposing (I come. . . . . . .)’. It is marked in Angami by -l

pu¹ vr²-lr³	‘In case³ he¹ comes²’
pu¹ pun²-lr³	‘In case³ he¹ likes²’
k¹ v² liv³-lr⁴	‘In case⁴ they(pl.)¹ can³ go²’
pu¹ ² pun³-lr⁴	‘In case⁴ she¹ likes³ me²’

6.6.17 The concessive or the pseudo-conditional mood, where unlike in the conditional mood the concessive or pseudo-conditional clause plays no role in determining the truth conditions for or the truth value of the main proposition. It is marked by -r

or -r

. -r

used in the semantically defined past tense.

pu¹ vr²-r³	‘even if³ he¹ comes²’
k¹ v² liv³-r⁴	‘even if⁴ they(pl.)¹ can³ come²’
n¹ rk² pu³ pi⁴ ⁵ ts⁴-r⁶	‘even if⁶ you¹ give⁴ me⁵ one³ rupee²’
pu¹ puhitsh² s z³	‘Even though⁴ he¹ tried² a lot³, (he) lost⁵’
r⁴ kt⁵
¹ vr² n³ b mt⁴	‘Even though² I¹ came², you³ were not there⁴’
¹ pu² n tsh b²-r⁴	‘Even though⁴ I¹ was trying to
pu⁵ ⁶ vt⁷	please³ him², he⁵ beat⁷ me⁶’

The last three modals viz. the conditional, the pseudo-conditional and the contingent necessarily occur in the subordinate clause unlike the other modals.

6.7 The Conjunctive

The Conjuctive participle markers are d

which is a suffix and m

which is a connective. m

is used with stative verbs expressive of natural properties like’ ‘tallness’ and of physiological states like ‘thirst’ (a syntactic correlate of which is that you can not have their imperatives) and d

is used with other verbs.

pu¹ rkri² m³ h pv⁴	‘He¹ is tall² and³ good-looking⁴’
pu¹ lu² m³ dz⁴	‘She¹ is fat² and³ short⁴’
mz¹ ch² m³ my⁴	‘(The) table¹ is long² and³ broad⁴’
vzli¹ mi² m³ mr b⁴	‘Vizolie¹ is tired² and³ hungry⁴’
kwhr¹ zv² m³ ms⁴	‘Kohima¹ is beautiful² and³ clean⁴’
nd¹ mhtsli²	‘Be happy and¹ work²’
thd¹ khrli²	‘Bargain and¹ buy²’
¹ mhtslid² vr³ ty⁴	‘I¹ will⁴ eat and² come³’
lsphrsd¹ ztli²	‘Study and¹ sleep²’
ddzlid¹ klli²	‘Prepare and¹ sing²’

The conjunctive may be unmarked as in

vor¹ bali²	‘Come and¹ sit down²’
l¹ ztali²	‘Go in and¹ sleep²’

6.8 Nominalization

A verb may be nominalized by prefixing k

- to the verb or by suffixing -k

or -k

dkhr	‘killing’	kdkhr
khr	‘buying’	kkhr
kr ‘crying’ kkr	‘crying’	kkr
pmh	‘extinguishing’	kpmh
	(caus.)
z	‘sleeping’	kz
dz v	‘swimming’	dz kv
tsl tsh	‘singing’	tsl ktsh


		Previous	\|	Next			Top

Angami Index Page

FeedBack | Contact Us | Home