| 10.1.4.3. Complement |
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A noun, verbal noun, noun of agency, adjective or particliple function as complements.
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ad pe:ki: ya:ya:l a:t
‘that girl became mother’ (noun)
wo:r o:ro:r ma:ne:
‘he is a lonely man’ (noun phrase)
ad pan i: tinda:na: a:yo:
‘that fruit is not eatable’ (verbal noun)
wo:no:r pe:ko:r enga:l a:tur
‘his boys became tall’ (adjective)
id cula:d
‘this is small’ (participle)
nanna: culatona:n
‘I am the shortest’ (agency)
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| 10.1.4.4. Verb |
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na:k una:na: da: u go: hi:m
‘give me liquor to drink’
ta:nk ga: o: hi:m
‘give her food’
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| 10.1.5. Optional Elements |
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The optional elements in the clause types discussed earlier are the various adjuncts or adjunct phrases showing time, place, manner, etc., of the verb.
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| 10.1.5.1. Time Phrase |
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The phrase consists of a time noun, noun phrase with a noun denoting time as its head, verbal noun, a time noun ending in words meaning ‘still, then, from’, etc.
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inje:k wa:ta:n
‘I came now’
inje:k inje:k wa:tur
‘he came just now’
(inje:k, inje:k inje:k adverb of time)
ninne: valla:y o:y a:tta:
‘it was very hot yesterday’
(ninne: time noun)
kaksa:te: munne: makka: tinda:na: po:lo
‘eating mangoes before festival is taboo’
(tinda:na: verbal noun)
ond diya: oro:war ra:ja:l matto:r
‘one day there was a king’
(noun phrase with time noun ond diya, as head noun)
ad diya:te: wo:r ra:ja:l a:tur
‘from that day, he became king’
(noun phrase with time noun meaning ‘from’)
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