|
1.3. Consonants : |
|
| 1.3.1.
Stops : |
|
/p/, /t/ and
/k/ are voiceless, bilabial, alveolar and velar stops
respectively. They freely vary with the aspirates [ ],
[ ],
and [ ]
respectively in the initial position. Intervocally or when
preceded by voiced consonants, these stops are realized as [b],
[d] and [g] respectively. Elsewhere they are voiceless
unaspirated stops. When followed by word juncture they are
unreleased. |
|
| 1.3.1.1. /p/ |
| pá |
[pá~phá] |
‘he’ |
| |
|
|
| pala |
[pala~ala] |
‘divorce’ |
| |
|
|
| apú |
[abú] |
‘blow’ |
| |
|
|
| cupa |
[cuba] |
‘king’ |
| |
|
|
| cempí |
[c mbí] |
‘speak’ |
| |
|
|
| àtep |
[ dp] |
‘patch’ |
| |
|
|
a ep |
[ap] |
‘whip’ |
|
| 1.3.1.2. /t/ |
| tí |
[tí~í] |
‘eight’ |
| |
|
|
| té |
[t ~] |
‘ten’ |
| |
|
|
| ata |
[ada] |
‘wait’ |
| |
|
|
| kúta |
[kúda] |
‘how’ |
| |
|
|
| simtet |
[šimdt] |
‘select’ |
| |
|
|
| lenset |
[lnst] |
‘strangle’ |
|
| 1.3.1.3. /k/ |
| ká |
[há~á] |
‘one’ |
| |
|
|
| ká |
[kí~í]
|
‘house’ |
| |
|
|
| áka |
[ága] |
‘short’ |
| |
|
|
| tek |
[tegu] |
‘chest’ |
| |
|
|
lo ki |
[l gi] |
‘home (made by insect)’ |
| |
|
|
| áyka |
[áyga] |
‘many’ |
| |
|
|
| sák |
[sák] |
‘open (eyes)’ |
| |
|
|
| yók |
[y k] |
‘send’ |
|
| |
| 1.3.1.4. /?/
is the glottal stop, which is also called glottal catch. It
occurs medially and finally after a vowel 1
. |
|
| pù?si |
[pù?ši] |
‘grasp’ |
| |
|
|
| ca?si |
[ca?ši] |
‘regret’ |
| |
|
|
| lá? |
[l?] |
‘bat’ |
| |
|
|
| alu? |
[alu?] |
‘frog’ |
|
| |
| 1.3.2.
Affricate : |
|
/c/ is a
voiceless palatal affricate. This phoneme has three allophones
[c], [ ] the
voiceless alveolar affricate and [j] the voiced palatal
affricate. |
| |
[
] occurs
only when followed by the vowel / /
: |
|
1 The glottal stop /?/ is a
phoneme in the Chungli dialect being described here. The
grapheme h has been suggested to represent the glottal phoneme,
in the Ao-Naga Phonetic Reader by the author on the ground that
there is no [h] in Ao to contrast. (See pp. 53-59, Ao-NAga
Phonetic Reader, CIIL, Mysore, 1972). However, it was found
later that [h] occurs in the initial position in some loan
words. This does not, however, necessitate a change in the
orthography since the glottal stop does not contrast with [h]
and occurs only in the medial and final positions.
|
| c |
[
] |
‘water’ |
| |
|
|
c k |
[
k] |
‘fall off’ |
| |
|
|
| tác |
[tá
] |
‘short’ |
| |
|
|
| mec |
[me
] |
‘twenty’ |
|
| |
