4.12.1  -Ø occurs after the past tense marker. |
| nakk-in-Ø (5.20) |
> |
nakki |
‘having licked’ |
| a:R-tt-in-Ø (5.3,20) |
> |
a:tti (Tr.) } |
} ‘having cooled’ |
| a:R-in-Ø(5.20) |
> |
a:Ri (Intr.) } |
| la:nd-Ø |
> |
la:ndu (5.19) |
‘having measured’ |
| ne:l-nd-Ø |
> |
ne:ndu (5.3,19) |
‘having hanged’ |
| ki:t-in-Ø (5.1,20) |
> |
ki:tti |
‘having torn’ |
| ėRu-dd-Ø (5.19) |
> |
ėRuddu |
‘having threw’ |
| u:d-Ø (5.19) |
> |
u:du |
‘having ploughed’ |
| sol-n-Ø (5.8,19) |
> |
sonnu |
‘having told’ |
| sol-is-in-Ø (5.18,20) |
> |
sollisi |
‘having caused to tell’ |
| tin-is-in-Ø (5.18,20) |
> |
tinnisi |
‘having caused to eat’ |
ve -is-in-Ø (5.20) |
> |
veisi |
‘having caused to cut’ |
| 4.12.2 -e occurs after the negative marker -a:d |
| ja:R-g-a:d-e (5.19) |
> |
ja:Ruga:de |
‘without slipping’ |
| se:-g-a:d-e |
> |
se:ga:de |
‘without doing’ |
| soRi-g-a:d-e |
> |
soRiga:de |
‘without scratching’ |
 e:vus-g-a:d-e (5.19) |
> |
e:vusuga:de |
‘without causing to break’ |
| pa:-is-g-a:d-e (5.19) |
> |
pa:isuga:de |
‘without causing to sing’ |
| 4.13 Participial Noun |
To derive a participial noun, the relative participle and the following pronoun are used. For example, the participial noun ve a:·inadu ‘that which played’ is derived fromt he relative participle vea:·ina ‘played’ (Adj.) and the neuter pronoun adu ‘(it) that’. This is the subject predicate relationship. |
| St.- {Tr.] - [cau.] - [L.M.] - [Neg2][Tense] {-Ø] |
| -Ø-, -av- |
| 4.13.1 -Ø occurs before the third person neuter singular -ad (4.18.3.3) and the plural -avei (3.1.2.1.1.2) |
| o:-k-in-Ø-ad (5.5,6,19) |
> |
oinadu (Tr.) } |
} ‘(that) which ran’ |
| o:-in-Ø-ad (5.19) |
> |
o:inadu (Intr.) } |
| o:-in-Ø-avei |
> |
o:inavei |
‘(those) which ran’ |
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