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NanHAh class of nouns.- The NanHAh class of nouns is formally defined as that sub-class of NanHA class of nouns that takes cö ¸ as the masculine gender marker.

From the examples of the NanHA class of nouns given earlier it can be found that whereas the nounds in this group take three different markers for the masculine gender, in the feminine gender, they have only a single form. This single form actually refers to the birds/animals that have either laid eggs/given birth to off-springs. Corresponding to the masculine gender, three separate suffixes are used to indicate the females of the birds/animals that have not laid eggs/given birth to offsprings, as in:


  females with issue virgins
`fowl’ awuqu awulķ
`cattle’ amsiqu amsili
`pig’ awoqu awonģ etc.

This classification has certain ethnographic significance. All sections of Nagas perform various types of rituals on different occasions. When compared to he other Nagas, the rituals of Semas are very rigorous and more numerous in number too. In all these rituals, both human and non-human being were sacrificed to propitiate their Gods. And in this females of birds/animals that have given birth to an off-spring have no place. Hence the same gender marker is used in all instances. Since the males and the females without issue have ritual significance, it is essential for the Sema speakers to indicate whether or not a particular bird/animal had laid eggs/given birth to an off-spring. As this information is indicated by the gender marker, the speakers usually omit the name of the species they are referring to. For instance, the word awu, would imply the male beings of all birds and acö ¸ grown up males of all animals that have a horn. The name of the species is usually understood from the context and is mentioned only if found necessary. A probable reason for this is that the type of the species to be sacrificed on the occasion of a particular ritual or offered as bride price etc. are already determined as per the customary law and the only issue to be decided is the number to be sacrificed/offered. Hence while referring to a particular ritual if a Sema says alö ¸ po´t it would only mean `five hens’ that have not laid eggs and not pea cocks or phesants etc. Similarly when he ways acö ¸ kö ¸thö ¸ it would only mean "three mithuns" that have not given birth to any off-springs and not to cows or goats etc.

A tree diagram of the sub-classification of the nouns in Sema is given in the next page.




 

 

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