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Neg + znanì _ z monanì `will not sleep’
Neg + ze _ zmoe `did not sleep’
Neg + paye kaku lakhì icö _ paye kaku lakhì icömo`he did not give me a book’
Neg + niye okìmiye annì _ niye okìmiye mo nanì `I will not love you’
2. Neg + NP1 + NP2 _ `NP1 + NP2 + Neg2, as in :
Neg + izeye syama _ izeye syama kumo `I am not shyama’
Neg + hie akì lakhì - hiye akì lakhì kumo `this (is) not a house’
Neg + liye mcémlì - liye mcémlì kumo `she is not lean’ etc.
3(a) Neg + NP1 + NP2 + A - `NP1 + NP2 + Neg3
Neg + niye anu lakhì anì - niye anu lakhì köha
(b) Neg + NP + VR + A1 + A2 - `I do not have a child’ `NP1 + VR + A1+Neg3
Neg + liyewú kepusia - liye wú kepu köha `she does not have to go’
4. Neg + VR + MiMP - VR1 + Neg4 +MiMP
Neg + Pilò - pikewilò `do not speak (imp)
Neg + asi cúlò - asi cúkewilò `do not eat meat (imp) etc.
5. Neg + VR + Mpot/pro + T - VR + Mpot/pro + Neg5 + T
Neg + wúlunaì - wúlumla `cannot go’
Neg + wúlue - wúlumalae `could not go’
Neg + wúluwi - wúlumlawi `might not go’ etc.
In conclusion, it might be noted that the system of negation in Sema is not affected by the sub-classification of the verb into mobility vs. stationary verbs or transitive vs intransitive verbs. Further, there is no difference in negating an affirmative or an interrogative sentence.

APPENDIX
Three folk tales in Sema are given below. Of these, the first two are presented with morph by morph analysis. And the last one has only the translation. The titles of the stories are: (1) The story of Nisapa and Nisala (a love story); (2) The story of the squirrel and the pheasant; and (3) the story of Licapa.
A.1 TEXT
nisapà eno nisalà kma ili
Nisapa and Nisala dual story
The story of Nisapa and Nisala
khailo nisapà eno nisalà kma kimaye.
long ago Nisapa and Nisala dual love.
Long ago Nisapa and Nisala loved each other.

Kile-ace kma atna sinì -kè
return-make dual life partner decide-past
They decided to become life
ge´unò pulo-wè ace ikemu nisalà
for agree-past make but Nisala
partners. But
Pu-aza-no nisalà pes
no
father-mother-nominative Nisala let
Nisala’s parents were unwilling to let Nisala to go
nisapa-kì -lo pu-wú nis
-mo-no-
Nisapa-house-in let go willing-not-nominative
Nisapa’s-house

ace. ti úno nisapà wilò hi-tóy
make. so Nisapa near this-like
So (they) said like this to Nisapa

 

 

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