as object do not occur after the verbs. In the case of transitive verbs, the
object noun follows.
|
Whenever there is a pair of verbs of which one is intransitive and the other
is transitive, there is a formal and semantic relationship between them. The
subject of the intransitive verb is the object of the transitive verb. The
prefix s- is generally added to the intransitive base to derive the transitive.
However there are pairs which are lexically related.
|
|
Intransitive
|
Transitive
|
| 1. |
 olbya |
‘boil’ |
| 2. |
gulba |
‘move’ |
| 3. |
khilba |
‘bend’ |
| 4. |
khorba |
‘to go round’ |
| 5. |
čhaqpa |
‘break’ |
| 6. |
čhatpa |
‘cut’ |
| 7. |
dukspa |
‘burn’ |
| 8. |
loqpa |
‘return’ |
| 9. |
iba |
‘hide’ |
| 10. |
beya |
‘open’ |
| 11. |
dukpa |
‘keep’ |
|
| 1. |
a. |
skolbya |
| 2. |
a. |
skulba |
| 3. |
a. |
skilba |
| 4. |
a. |
skorba |
| 5. |
a. |
čaqpa |
| 6. |
a. |
čatpa |
| 7. |
a. |
tukpa |
| 8. |
a. |
lzoqpa |
| 9. |
a. |
zdoqpa |
| 10. |
a. |
pheya |
| 11. |
a. |
zakpa |
|
|
Same phonological changes take place when the prefix s- is added to the
intranisitive base. As it is indicated earlier, all the transitive bases are not
derived by adding the transitive prefix s-. When (1-4) and (1.a-4.a) are
compared, it is evident that s- is the transitive prefix. In the cases of (5-6)
and (5. a- 6.a), the prefix is dropped when the following consonant of the
base is c&.
Cases like (8-11) and (8.a-11.a) are to be treated as
idiosyncratic and they are lexically related.
|
3.2.2.
|
Auxiliaries |
From the point of view of meaning,
main verbs may be defined as a class of stems denoting the
action or state of the subject noun phrase. Auxiliaries modify
the action denoted by the main verbs. Auxiliaries are further
classified into tense, aspect and mood (See for the
definitions of mood and aspect 3.2.2.2.and 3.2.2.3.).
|
3.2.2.1.
|
Tense |
Tense as a grammatical category is
defined as showing different locations of an eavent in time (Hockett
(1958: 237)). It has to do with the time-relation. The
essential characteristic of the category of tense is that it
relates the time of action, event or state of affairs referred
to in the sentence to the time of utterance (Lyons
(1968:305)). It is often supposed by the grammarians that the
three way distinction of tense is a universal feature of human
languages. Purki also recognizes three way distinction of
tenses : past, present and future.
|
3.2.2.1.1.
|
Past
tense |
It has been remarked in (3.2.2.1.)
that tense relates the time of action, event or state of
affairs to the time of the utterance. Past tense may be
defined as indicating the time antecedent to the time when the
utterance is uttered (the utterance being made now).
|
In Purki, past tense is expressed by the suffix s-. However
there are cases in Purki in which the past teense is unmarked.
In other words, certain verbs take -* as the allomorph of past
tense morpheme.4
|
| -s |
taba |
‘to saw’ |
taps |
‘sawed’ |
| khalba
|
‘to spin’
|
khals
|
‘spinned’
|
|
