| /ch/
: [ch] |
[chenda] |
/chenda/ |
‘hollow’ |
|
[cha.ra.chari] |
/charachari/ |
‘divorce’ |
|
|
|
|
| /kh/
: [kh] |
[khira] |
/khira/ |
‘cucumber’ |
|
[khukha] |
/khukha/ |
‘cough’ |
|
[r khi] |
/rkhi/ |
‘concubine’ |
|
[ta.rikh] |
/tarikh/ |
‘date’ |
|
|
Nasals :
|
There are three
nasals in this language, viz., m, n, All the nasals are voiced, but
voicing is not a relevant feature with the nasals. Aspiration is not
available with the nasals even at the phonetic level. The three
nasals do not have any special limitations in their distribution
except that the velar nasal does not occur in word-initial position.
The nasals do not have any perceptible positional variants, e.g.,
|
| /m/ : [m] |
[ma.jed] |
/majed/ |
‘across’ |
|
[mikuri] |
/mikuri/ |
‘cat’ |
|
[dmki] |
/dmki/ |
‘jerk’ |
|
[lUm] |
/lum/ |
‘fur’ |
|
[slvm] |
/sim/ |
‘beans’ |
|
|
|
|
| /n/ : [n] |
[na.bi] |
/nabi/ |
‘navel’ |
|
[nyUl] |
/nyul/ |
‘mongoose’ |
|
[suna] |
/suna/ |
‘ear ring’ |
|
[ta.n] |
/tan/ |
‘hard’ |
|
|
|
|
/ /
: [] |
[bea] |
/bea/ |
‘deaf’ |
|
[slv] |
/si/ |
‘horn’ |
|
[Ur] |
/ur/ |
‘grape’
etc. |
|
|
Fricatives :
|
There are three
fricatives in this language, viz, s,
and h. In terms of the place of articulation, these are respectively
: dental, palatal and glottal. For the sake of pattern congruity,
the glottal fricative is treated at the phonemic level as the velar
fricative. All the three fricatives in this language are unvoiced,
but unvoicing is not a pertinent feature with the fricatives in this
language. While the dental fricatives s does not have
any special limitation in its distribution, the other two
fricatives, viz.,
and h do not occur in the word-final position. The
three fricatives do not have any perceptible positional variants, e.g.,
|
| /s/ : [s] |
[somoy] |
/somoy/ |
‘time’ |
|
[bisa] |
/bisa/ |
‘caterpillar’ |
|
[ga.s] |
/gas/ |
‘tree’ |
|
|
|
|
| //
: [] |
[a.di] |
/adi/ |
‘marriage’ |
|
[es] |
/es/ |
‘over’ |
|
[bia.s] |
/bias/ |
‘faith’ |
|
[li] |
/li/ |
‘lazy’ |
|
|
|
|
| /h/ : [h] |
[ha.ra] |
/hara/ |
‘bone’ |
|
[heg] |
/heg/ |
‘last’ |
|
[puhu] |
/puhu/ |
‘deer’ |
|
[jha.s] |
/jhas/ |
‘ship’
etc. |
|
|
Flap :
|
The only
available in this language is a voiced alveolar one, viz., r. This,
however, has been placed in the dental slot for the sake of pattern
congruity. It has a trilled form [r] as a positional variant when it
occurs in intervocal position when both the preceding and succeeding
vowels are of the same height. This consonants does not have any
special limitations in its occurrence, e.g.,
|
| /r/ : [r] |
[r] |
/r/ |
‘again’ |
|
[borop] |
/borop/ |
‘ice’ |
|
|
|
|
| [r] |
[ra.ni] |
/rani/ |
‘queen’ |
|
[bera] |
/bera/ |
‘fence’ |
|
[kUkUr] |
/kukur/ |
‘dog’ etc. |
|
|
Lateral :
|
The only lateral available in this language is a voiced alveolar lateral,
which, for the sake of pattern congruity, is placed in the dental slot. It
has neither any special limitation in its distribution, nor any perceptible
positional variants, e.g.,
|
| /l/ : [l] |
[la.ge] |
/lage/ |
‘want’ |
|
[culi] |
/culi/ |
‘bald’ |
|
[guli] |
/guli/ |
‘bullet’ |
|
[dUl] |
/dul/ |
‘drum’ etc. |
|
|
Approximants :
|
There are two
approximants in this
language, viz., w, y. These two
approximants do not have any special limitations in their distributions.
Each of them has a corresponding non-syllabic vowel as the positional
variant, for instance, [ ], a non-syllabic back close vowel occurs as a
positional variant of /w/ and [ ] a non-syllabic front close vowel occurs as
the positional variant of /y/ before a consonant.
|
|
|
