(v) Conditional :jodi
‘if’
|
jodi ila
jabo moybi jabo ‘If Sheela goes I also
will go’
Instead of using jodi, the particle for condition, one could also
express the same idea by using the conditional modal suffix with the
verb, as in :
ila jayee moybi jabo
‘If Sheela goes I also will go’
|
(vi) Causal :Korone
‘because’
|
j kra
korone lorakan dan tini bag koribole mnjur
korise
‘because of the quarrel, the boys decided to divide the grains
into three parts’
|
2.
|
Miscellaneous:
|
The particles clubbed under
the miscellaneous groups occur after the noun/pronouns. One of them
also occur after the adverbs. These can be broadly sub-divided into
emphatic, definite and inclusive particles. Illustrative examples are
given below:
|
(i) The emphatic particle
: hi
|
| tay hi khuri katise |
‘he (and not anyone
else who) cut the tree’ |
| ua
hi dwrise |
‘Usha (and not any one
else who) ran away’ |
| tay aj hi jayse |
‘he will go today
itself’ |
| |
|
|
These sentences are in
opposition to the following sentences:
|
tay aj jayse
‘he will go today’
ua dwrise
‘Usha ran’ etc.
|
which merely make a statement
on certain incidents without giving any emphasis.
|
(ii) The definite
particle-tu occurs after a noun. These use of this particle
specifies the object concerned, as in :
|
gastu katise
‘that particular tree was cut’
sualikhantu jayse ‘those specific girls
went’
|
These forms are in opposition
to the following sentences which are just general statements.
|
gas katise
‘that particular tree was cut’
sualikhantu jayse ‘girls went’, etc.
|
| (iii) The inclusive
particle bi ‘also’ |
The inclusive particle bi
‘also’ occurs with nouns/pronouns as in :
|
The inclusive particle can
co-occur with the definte particle but not with the emphatic. The
emphatic particle and the definite particle cannot co-occur. When both
the inclusive and definite particles occur with a noun, the inclusive
particle is postposed to the definite particle as in :
|
gastubi khatise
‘that particular tree was also cut’
sualikhantubi jayse ‘those
particular girls would also go’
|
The various types of
invariables occurring in this language were discussed in this section.
In the following section the phrase structure occurring in this
language would be discussed.
|
3.5
|
Phrases |
A description of
various individual grammatical classes along with the grammatical
categories that go with each of them were discussed in the previous
chapters. Some of these grammatical classes can form constructions
with either their won classes or with other classes. Such
constructions are known as phrases. For the purpose of this grammar, a
phrase is defined as a sequence of words belonging either to just on
grammatical class or to two or more grammatical classes having the
relationship of satellites and the nucleus. A phrase may also be
realised by the nucleus alone without any satellite. Four types of
phrases are set up for this language. These are: adjective, noun,
adverb and verb phrases. Beginning with an adjective phrase, a
description of these phrases follows.
|
3.5.1.
|
Adjective phrase |
An adjective
phrase is one that has na adjective as its nucleus. While discussing
the adjectives (vide 3.4.1), it was mentioned that of the three
sub-types of adjectives, only a qualitative adjective and adjective of
direction can form endocentric construction by taking the intensifier
etom ‘very’ as its nucleus, as in :
|
etom bal
‘very good’
etom donia ‘very rich/beautiful’
etom dut ‘very far’
etom tej ‘very quickly’, etc.
|
A noun phrase in
this language may have two or more adjectives belonging to different
sub-types. In such an event, each of the adjectives including the
demonstrative adjective would function directly as the satellite of
the nucleus noun, for instance in a NP like:
|
otu etom bal duy
lora ‘those two very good boys’
|
| etom ‘very’ is
the stellite of the adjective bal ‘good’ and the two together is the
satellite of nucleus lora ‘boy’ and not of the numeral |
