| The
markers for each of them and their functions are detailed below in
tabular form. The distributions in relation to the transitive or intransitive
are given in the bracket along with the marker. Any gap, therein,
is noted with remarks. |
|
Non-completive
|
-Indeterminative
|
-Habit
or custom
|
-Ę
|
-Trns.&Intrans.
|
|
|
Determinative
|
-Action
just begun
|
|
-aka (d):
|
|
|
(Progressive)
and is in progress
|
|
|
+ge
|
|
|
|
|
-aka (d):
|
Trans.
&Intrrans
|
|
|
|
|
+ ge
|
(sometimes)
|
|
|
Determinative
|
-Continuously
having
|
|
- ja(d):
|
|
|
(Durative)
|
been done
|
|
|
|
|
|
Trans. (Missing inIntrans.)
|
|
|
|
Completive
|
-Indeterminative
(Aorist)
|
- ‘I
did’
|
- ke(d)
|
: Trans.
|
|
|
|
|
|
(n): Intrans.
|
|
|
Determinative
(Resultative)
|
|
- Accomplished
|
|
|
|
|
|
fact-aka(d)
|
:Trans.
|
|
|
|
|
(n)
|
:Intrans.
|
|
|
Determinative
(Resultative)
|
|
|
|
|
|
a)
Prioritative
|
-
started doing, but
|
-
le(d )
|
:
TRans.
|
|
|
|
took up
another action
|
- (n)
|
: Intrans.
|
|
|
b) Interruptive
|
- An action
interrupted
|
-ke(n)
|
: Trans.
|
|
|
|
(by someone)
|
|
No Intrans.
|
|
|
c) Dicontinuative
|
-Action
started
|
-ja(n)
|
:Intrans.
|
|
|
|
but postponed
|
|
Trans.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Some of the forms
and functions, given above need explanations. The determinative progressive
which denotes an action at ehe particular moment has no ther form
but /aka/, which is also used in determinative resultative of the
completive. But the former is differntiated from the latter by taking
the emphatic /ge/, invariably, after /d/ used
as transtive marker or /n/, the intransitive marker. The intransitive
form is used specifically where the action denotes rest or stillness
as with stems like /dub/, ‘to sit’, /ti gu/
‘to stand’. |
| The formation of
/ja/ resembles the form as well as the function of the indefinite
demonstrative. Here, in non-completive aspect the continuity of an
action is not denoted definitively, here what is denoted is a probability. |
| /aka/and /ja/ forms
used both in non-completive as well as completive may be taken as
homophonous. However, the gaps are unexplainable. |
| The completive resultative
determinative denotes an action to be over and final. It may be a
perfective denoting simply accomplishment of a fact and having forms
for both transitive and intransitive. |
The completive non-resultative
determinative in general stands for all such actions which were performed
but without reaching a final stage. The prioritative indicates that
the action was performed prior to certain another action which was
taken over later on. The interruptive does not denote assumption of
reason. The peculiarity of this aspect marker is that although it
takes the intransitive/-n/, it is used only with the transitives.
This indicates that /ken/, which has the form of the indeterminate
completive is used passively to demote an interruption being caused.
Just opposed to it there is another aspect which may be called ‘discontinuative’
in the non-resultative group. Here the being followed by any latter
action. This aspect is generally used with the intransitive and the
form is of the indefinite demonstrative denoting the indefinite nature
of the action performed. However, to denote discontinuation of an
undertaken work, /jan/may also be suffixed to the transitive.
|
