the
content of the utterance, the juncture will be said to be phonemic. |
v) If any
form wich is grammatically free but phonologically bound or an abbreviated
form use as a clitic occurs along with a free form which otherwise
coud have a complete form and is shortened due to the agglutiantion,
there occurs an open juncture in contrast to the close one. |
1.16.3.1. Phonemisization:
New, keeping the above criteria in mind if we look to the section
§1.16.1. we will find that some of the junctures
identified therein are phonetic and not phonemic, such as those between
two consonants or the junctures following //
or preceding/s/ and so on. However, a greater care has been taken
in § 1.16.2. while listing the types of junctures in respect of the
possible representation in orthography. This section gives the complete
list of junctures which occur in Mundari and which are to be considered
for phonemisization. |
The juncture indicated
by keeping the phonemes together is the close juncture and is toe
zero point for setting up the contrasts. It occurs even when two free
forms are combined into one to act as one free form, while in general
it occurs within the same syllable or morpheme. |
Open juncture, in
general, contrasts with the close one in such minimal pairs: |
i)
|
[dopola]
|
to
invite each other,
|
but [do+pola]
|
to
keep ring.
|
ii)
|
[amre]
|
in
you,
|
but [am+re!]
|
O
you!
|
iii)
|
[honor]
|
to
walk,
|
but [hon_or]
|
to
drag a child
|
iv)
|
[joa]
|
check,
|
but [jo+oa]
|
it
will give fruit
|
|
|
The criteria Nos.
(ii) to (iv) have already been exeplified in §
1.16.1. For example, according to the No. 9ii) instead of assuming
the final checked [?b] as a separate phoneme, it can
well be explained as b=?b- where /-/ is the juncture phoneme. This
interpretation reduces the number of phonemes by two, if /d/ and /g/
also are explained in this way and one phoneme of juncture is set
up. |
According to (iii)
the examples of non-assimilation or non-diphthongization ar edue to
the occurrence of a phonemic juncture in between. Thus, [mu.i?]
ant and [cui] calf contrast with the same
segments /u/ and /i/ occurring together. It may also be noticed here
that it confirms the existence of syllabic [i] in the former and non-syllabic
[]
in the latter. |
According to (iv),
all the examples of minimal pairs given above are due to the co-occurrence
of stress in (i), (iii)and (iv) and pitch in (ii). Actually, the minimal
pairs from the point of view of the segmental phonemes are not minimal
from the point of view of the supra-segmentals. |
According to (v)
such pronominal affixes like /i/ /m/, /pe/, /ben/ and /ka/ for/ leka/ like etc.,
occur with an open juncture as an allophone to the juncture, which
would have otherwise been indicated by space. Thus existence of juncture
as a phoneme can be established in Mundari as well. |
1.16.3.2.
Distributions: |
i) Close juncture
occurs for the segmental division, within a morpheme. |
ii) Open juncture
(+) has the following allophones at morphemic or word boundaries: |
a) The open
juncture denoted by a hyphen is internal open juncture and is meant
to divide the morphemes as in [en-ka], which may be replaced by space
in cases like [sen-hora]~[sen hora], if treated separately. |
b) The open
juncture denoted by space generally forms the |