| /he/ ‘yes’ in
a non-reply manner also may be used here. |
| 3.3.1.2.
Major sentences: |
| Such sentences
which are both structurally and semantically well formed and which
are open for further transformations are major sentences. Depending
upon the clausal structure within its frame, a sentence may be either
simple or compound or complex. |
| 3.3.1.2.1.
Simple sentences: |
| A sentence, composed
of one and only one independent clause with a single and finite
verb is a simple sentence. According to the characteristics of the
predicate, a simple sentence may be either transitive or intransitive
or copulative. |
| A simple sentence
may be one of the four main types-statement, question, command and
request (or permissive), each of which has its own structural marker
and intonation pattern. Each of the above four types may take any
of the three voices, active without marker, passive with /o?/ and
reflexive with /en/, suffixed to the verb root. Every simple sentence,
again, may be either affirmative or negative.
|
| In this way, according
to the above divisions and subdivisions. Mundari should have a total
of seventytwo basic type sentences. However, in case of the copulative
sentences, it is not possible to find imperative or optative forms.
Although forms like /buginme/ ‘be good’ or /buginkum/ ‘please be
good’ are used, here the verb forms is used instead of the adjective
/bugin/ ‘good/ and the sentences are no more copulative. Even the
forms like /bugino?/ and buginen/ with the voice markers cannot
be treated as adjectives, they are inflected on verb pattern. However,
they constitute copulative construtive constructions because they
are confined to structures with the f.v.m /a/. |
| With the exclusion
of these impossible copulative imperative or optative forms, we
find altogether following sixty types of basic simple sentences
in Mundari. We have to remember that /o?/ and /en/ voices are used
in intransitive sentences, where the intransitive roots are used
transitively. Similarly, there are some tense restrictions with
the imperative (command) and optative (request) moods. Except this,
we can find the following sentence clause matrix in order to illustrate
the sixty types of basic or kernel sentences in Mundari. Each type
has been numbered in the matrix, shown below, and is illustrated
in the following page |
|
TABLE
|
|
|
|
|
Statement
|
|
|
|
|
|
Question
|
|
|
|
|
Types
|
Active
|
|
Passive
|
|
Reflexive
|
|
Active
|
|
Passive
|
|
Reflexive
|
|
|
|
|
Neg. ___
|
Aft.
|
Neg
|
Aft.
|
Neg.
|
Aft.
|
Neg
|
Aft.
|
Neg.
|
Aft.
|
Neg.
|
|
Transitive
|
1
|
2
|
3
|
4
|
5
|
6
|
7
|
8
|
9
|
10
|
11
|
12
|
|
Intransitive
|
25
|
26
|
27
|
28
|
29
|
30
|
31
|
32
|
33
|
34
|
35
|
36
|
|
Copulative
|
49
|
50
|
51
|
52
|
53
|
54
|
55
|
56
|
57
|
58
|
59
|
60
|
|
|
|
|
Command
|
|
|
|
|
|
Request
|
|
|
|
|
Type
|
Active
|
|
Passive
|
|
Reflexive
|
|
Active
|
|
Passive
|
|
Reflexive
|
|
|
|
Aft.
|
Neg.
|
Aft.
|
Neg.
|
Aft.
|
Neg.
|
Aft.
|
Neg.
|
Aft.
|
Neg.
|
Aft.
|
Neg.
|
|
Transive
|
13
|
14
|
15
|
16
|
17
|
18
|
19
|
20
|
21
|
22
|
23
|
24
|
|
Intransitive
|
37
|
38
|
39
|
40
|
41
|
42
|
43
|
44
|
45
|
46
|
47
|
48
|
|
Copulative
|
__
|
__
|
__
|
__
|
___
|
_
|
__
|
__
|
__
|
__
|
__
|
__
|
|
|
