| 3.1.2.3.4.
Repetitive forms: |
| Repetition of
the adjective itself or repetition of the insensifier, both types
are used very commonly to lay emphasis on any quality, as in: |
|
|
‘very small’
|
|
pura?-pura?-ge
maraN
|
‘very very big’
|
|
|
| 3.1.3.
Adverb Phrase: |
| Such combinations
of free or free and dependent morphemes form adverb phrases, which
may be replaceable by a single word of the category of adverb within
a clause or a sentence. Mundari has five main types of adverb phrases.
As in the case of adjective phrases, there are certain adverb phrases
which are formed with relators. There is a set of morphemes which
are juxtaposed to a class of words serving as axis to them. Together
they form adverb phrases. These relators may be either bound forms
or free forms. The forms without relators used either gerundial bases
or take intensifiers. They are also of reduplicative types. All these
constructions except the lost one are endocentric in character. |
| 3.1.3.1.
With bound relators: |
| In such cases,
the relator morphemes are bound forms, which relate their axis words
to the actions referred to in the clause or in the sentence. They
generally form three types of adverb phrases, which are adverbs of
place, time and of manner. Apart from being differentiated semantically,
they are also differntiated structurally. They could be treated as
case-markers but formally they are not inflected, hence they are phrases. |
| 3.1.3.1.1.
Locative phrases: |
| All the locative
phrases with bound relators have noun as an axis. The relating morphemes
may be either single or compound. The usual relators are -re, -te,
-ta?, -ete and sa? and in compounds are ta?te, ta?ete, sa?te and sa?ete. |
| The form /-te/
indicates an action towards and /-ete/ an action from a goal. Both
of them are general terms. /ta?/ is used for exact location, where
/sa?/ is for definite direction. |
| The form /re/
is locative to indicate ‘in’, or ‘on’ in very general term and is
used in several other context also. |
As for the compounds,
the forms /ta?/ and /sa?/ may be be used as first members with /te/
and /ete/, indicating either exact location of the event or exact
direction of the event, respectively for the action towards or action
from. One example from each of the uses is given here:
|
|
sirma-re rakab
|
‘to climb on
a height’
|
|
bir-to niro?
|
‘to flee
to the forests’
|
kami-ete ru a
|
‘to ruturn from
the work’
|
paao-ta?
tain
|
‘to live at
the place of study’
|
|
bir-sa? seno?
|
‘to go towards
the forest’
|
|
kami-ta?te seno?
|
‘to go to the
place of work’
|
inu -sa?te
seno?
|
‘to go
towards the place of game’
|
|
topa-ta?-ete
hiju?
|
‘to return from
the burial’
|
|
akara-sa?-ete
hiju?
|
‘to come through
(or via) the dancing place’
|
|
|
| 3.1.3.1.2.
Temporal phrases: T |
| he temporal adverb
phrases are indicative of time and occasion of any event or action.
Relators are here usually single but they may form compounds with
the emphatic particles like-ge or-do, where the latter constitute
the second memeber. Temporal phrases have two types of relators, one
which governs nouns and the other which governs numerals. Such phrases
precede the verbs in the clause or sentence. |
| 3.1.3.1.2.1.
Temporal relators governing nouns: |
| The three suffixes
-re, -te and -ete which function as retators for the locatives, are
also used for the adverbs of time and they are suffixed to nouns or
even to adjectives. /re/ indicates simultaneity of an action, while
/te/ and /ete/ both are used to indicate the period since when any
event has been taking place without interuption. |
