| phonetically
or phonemically definable set of environments, are held to be in overlapping
distribution. Hence, two or more segments occurring in any of therse
three manners are non-contrastive and therefore belong to the same
phoneme. |
| If
any segments varies freely with zero it is non-phonemic or redundant,
having only a phonetic existance and depends upon the manner of articulation. |
| Two
or more segments are held to be phonetically similar if they have
one ore more qualities in common either with reference to the place
or articulation or manner or articulation or both. The phonetic modifications
are reffered to the normal value of the segment in a given majority
of situations. |
| 1.2.1.
Segments in Complementary Distribution: |
| [p],
[p]
and [pv] occur in mutually exclusive environments. While [p] and [p.]
both may be found intervocalically, there is a restriction of enverionment
for the later since both the vowels flanking it have a defined situation.
On the other hand, [p] occurs in gerenal intervocalic position which
excludes the stated one. Again, the symbol [pv] is to taken as constituting
a single complex form before another consonant. |
[b],
[?b8]
and [?b] are in complementary distribution, where [? ]
is a devoiced form occurring brfore a voiceless consonant and occasionally
may have a vocalic release analogous to [pv]. But the occurrence
of [?b] before a consonant is general situation and occurs in free
variation with the above. However, [?b] has another situation of final
position after a stressed vowel. |
| [t],
[t.] and [tv] in situations anologous to [p],
[pv] respectively. |
[ ]
and [ ] are
in complementary distribution and it will be proved later that []
is in contrast with [r] which forms a suspicious |
| pair
with the former. The segment[]
occurs basically in intervocalic positions and if even it comes after
a consonant there is a vocalic release in between. |
| [c]
and [cv] are in complementary distributioin. |
| [k],
[k.], and [kv] occur in situations analogous
to [p], [p.]
and [pv]. |
| [g]
and [?] are in complementary distribution. |
| [r]
and [R]. |
| [s]
and [sv]. |
a,aą’, ,a.,ć,ć.,ć:
and  all
occur in mutually exclusively environments. |
e, ,e.,č’, ,ė, ,:,
all are in complementary distribution. |
i, ,y,
i.,f’, ,ļ, ,˙,
are in complementary distribution. |
o, ,o.,ņ?,ö,õ,õ:,
occur in mutually exclusive environment. |
u,u., ,w, ,ł’,ü, ,.,
all are in complementary distribution. |
| 1.2.2.
Segments in Free Variation: |
| ?b
and bv
occur in free variation, the former being devoiced before a voiceless
consonant, while the later the voice. Both of these vary freely medially
before a consonant. |
| ?d
and dv occur in free variation in analogous situation as
above. |
a
and
are in free variation with [u] preceding and a pause of morphemic
or word boundary following.
|
