| 4.11.1.
Present tense : |
The point
of time referred to is the present. The main verb takes /-d¨/
or /-dak/ to indicate present tense. /-dak/ is added to the verb when
the subject is either second or third person and /-d /
can be used with any person. |
|
|
n-m
|
kį-d
|
‘I see you’
|
|
I
|
you to
|
see pr.t
|
|
 lu |
n-m
|
kį-d
|
‘We see you’
|
|
we
|
you to
|
see pr t
|
|
k -dė
|
n-m
|
kį-d/-dak
|
‘The children see
you’
|
|
child the
|
you to
|
see pr t
|
|
k-kiri-dė
|
n-m
|
kį-d/-dak
|
‘The children see
you’
|
|
child pl. the
|
you to
|
see pr t
|
|
|
bu-lu
|
n-m
|
kį-d
/-dak
|
‘They see you’
|
|
they
|
you to
|
see pr t
|
|
n
|
bļ-m
|
kį-d
/-dak
|
‘you see him/her’
|
|
you
|
he/she
|
to see pr t
|
|
n-lu
|
bļ-m
|
kį-d
/-dak
|
‘you (pl) seem him/her’
|
|
you(pl)
|
he/she
|
to see pr t
|
|
|
|
annė-kiridė
|
|
‘The leaves fall
from the tree’
|
|
tree from
|
leaf pl.
|
fall pr.t.
|
|
|
|
| 4.11.2
Past tense : |
| It indicates
the location of an action or an event in past time, that is, the event
has already taken place at the time of the speech act. The past tense
has two sub-categories, viz., immediate past and remote past. |
| 1)
Immediate past : The marker is /-Nka/ |
|
|
kį-ka
|
‘I saw’
|
|
I
|
see-past
|
|
n
|
kį-ka
|
‘You saw’
|
|
you
|
see-past
|
|
|
bļ
|
kį-ka
|
‘He saw’
|
|
he
|
see-past
|
|
|
bulu
|
g -laka
|
‘They went’
|
|
they
|
go-past
|
|
|
|
| 2)
Remote past : |
| It indicates
that the actiontook place long back. The marker /-b/
is added to the immediate past base /-Nka/. |
|
|
kį-ka-b
|
‘I saw (long ago)’
|
|
I
|
see past
|
|
n
|
kį-ka-b
|
‘You sa (long ago)’
|
|
you
|
see past
|
|
|
bļ
|
kį-ka-b
|
‘He/she saw (long
ago)’
|
|
he/she
|
see past
|
|
|
bulu
|
kį-ka-b
|
‘They saw (long
ago)’
|
|
they
|
see past
|
|
|
|
| An alternative
form /-tb
is also used sometimes to indicate remote past. The suffix /-t/
is the marker of imperative and /-b/
is added to it. |
-lu
|
kį-t-b
|
‘We saw (long ago)’
|
|
we
|
see past
|
|
-lu
|
|
‘We ate (long ago)’
|
|
we
|
eat-past
|
|
n
|
|
‘You (pl) saw (long
ago)’
|
|
you
|
eat past
|
|
|
|
