|
rambļ-kke gėmpa-de
|
‘the basket of Ram (and none else)’
|
|
Ram dem of basket dem
|
|
nėn-dėkke gas r-(dė)
|
‘the cloth of the lady’
|
|
lady dem of cloth dem
|
|
iki-dė rį-du
|
‘the dog barks’
|
|
dog dem bark + tense
|
|
kitab-dė-m p ri-t
|
‘Read the book’
|
|
book dem to read tense
|
|
|
|
rambļ-kke gėmpa-de
|
‘the basket of Ram (and none else)’
|
|
Ram dem of basket dem
|
|
nėn-dėkke gasr-(dė)
|
‘the cloth of the lady’
|
|
lady dem of cloth dem
|
|
iki-dė rį-du
|
‘the dog barks’
|
|
dog dem bark + tense
|
|
kitab-dė-m pri-t
|
‘Read the book’
|
|
book dem to read tense
|
|
|
|
| 1.3.4.
Indefinite pronouns |
| They are formed by suffixing
/-ak/
‘some’ to the qualitative and quantitative adjectives and demonstrative
pronouns. |
aznė
+ ak
|
ą
|
azk
|
-little in quantity
|
sė + ak
± dė
|
ą
|
sėkdė
|
-somebody
|
|
|
| 1.3.5. Intrrogative pronouns
|
k
|
‘what’
|
sėk
|
‘who’
|
(a) dit-k
|
‘how much’
|
|
kapė
|
‘how’ (literally ‘at what’)
|
|
kapila/na
|
‘why’
|
|
|
‘where’
|
ukuwė
|
‘why’
|
|
|
| except /-k/
‘what’, all other forms are derived from other pronouns or adjectives.
|
sė + k
|
sėk
|
‘who’
|
|
this what
|
|
|
adit + k
|
(a) ditk
|
‘how much’
|
|
much what
|
|
|
|
|
|
‘where’
|
|
|
| 1.3.6.
Possessive pronouns |
| They are the pronouns with genitive case
suffix /-kke/. |
|
|
sg
|
|
pl
|
|
|
1st person
|
-kke
|
‘my’
|
-lu-kke
|
‘our’
|
|
2nd person
|
n-kke
|
‘your’
|
n-lu-kke
|
‘your’
|
|
3rd person
|
bļ-kke
|
‘his/her’
|
bu-lu-kke
|
‘their’
|
|
|
| Indefinite and interrogative pronouns also
take /-kke/ in the same way as personal pronouns to denote possession,
but function as personal pronouns. |
ak-kke
|
‘of someone’
|
sėk-kke
|
‘to whom’
|
sėk-kke
|
‘of whose’
|
|
|
| 1.3.7.
Adverbial pronoun |
| They include all the demonstrative, interrogative
and indefinite pronouns. |
| adv. pro-base pron+pp |
id-l-kke
|
‘now’
|
|
|
‘where’
|
|
supak-pe
|
‘at present
|
|
|
‘here’
|
|
|
| 1.4. Case |
| 1.4.0. At the syntactic
level, case establishes the relationship between a noun phrase and
verb except in the case of genitive, where it expresses the relationship
between two noun phrases. At the semantic level, cases ordinarily
describe the role of nominal in the action performed by the verb phrase.
On this basis, it can be said that, on the syntactic level, the verb
plays the most important role, and is responsible for establishing
the nature of its relationship with the noun phrase. |
