| Human |
|
|
sg
|
pl
|
|
|
1st person
|
 
I |
lu
|
we
|
|
2nd person
|
n
you(seg)
|
nlu
|
you (pl)
|
|
3rd person
|
bļ he/she
|
bulu
|
they
|
|
|
| All the animate
non-human and inanimate nouns are substituted by third personal pronouns
: |
| Nonhuman animate
and inanimate |
|
|
sg
|
|
pl
|
|
|
Third person
|
isi
|
this
|
isi- bulu
|
these
|
|
|
edė
|
that
|
edė_-
bulu
|
those
|
|
|
sė
|
this
|
sė- bulu
|
these
|
|
|
| 1.3.2.
/awė/ is the reflexive pronoun meaning ‘self’. Apart from this, all
the personal pronouns function as reflexive pronouns by repeating
the pronoun concerned. The first one would be in the nominative and
the second one would take the case markers depending on the relationship
of NP and VP. All the reflexive pronouns can be replaced by appropriate
nouns in their place of occurrence. |
|
|
sėm
|
awė
|
.mėsuden
|
|
|
|
or
|
|
|
|
sėm
|
kke
|
mėsudu
|
|
I
|
it-to
|
self
|
think self + tense
|
|
|
| I am thinking
about it myself. |
|
bļ
|
awė
|
agėr
|
gėri-ye
|
|
bļ
|
bļ-kke
|
agėr
|
gėri-ye
|
|
he
|
he-of
|
work
|
do+tense
|
|
|
| 1.3.3.
Demonstrative pronouns |
| The particles
/-isi/, -sė/ and /-edė/ function as demonstrative pronouns. The particle
/-sė/ occurs only with the non-human nouns and the form /-dė/ occurs
with both human and non-human nouns. Perhaps the form /-dė/ at an
earlier stage might have been restricted to human nouns, and gradually
an extension of its distribution may have taken place. The data on
hand, however, are insufficient to make a positive statement at this
point. Demonstrative pronouns are of two types a) proximate b) remote.
|
| 1.3.3.1
Proximate |
| Refers to the
nominal objects which are very near to the point of reference from
other speaker’s point of view. |
| These are |
|
isi-this
|
(with animate nouns)
|
|
sė-this
|
(generally with inanimate nouns)
|
isi mekuri
k
|
‘This (is) a cat’
|
|
this cat one
|
|
|
|
‘This is a boy’
|
|
this boy one is
|
|
|
sė bulu kitab-dė
|
‘these books’
|
|
these book
|
|
|
|
| 1.3.3.2.
Remote |
| When the point
of reference far away from the speaker, the particle referring to
such objects is called remote demonstrative. The remote demonstrative
particle is /edė/ ‘that’. |
|
edė
|
mekuri
|
k
|
|
that
|
cat
|
one
|
|
that is a cat
|
|
|
|
|
| Some times third
person singular form /-bļ/ ‘he’she’ and /-edė/ ‘that’ precede nouns
and function as demonstrative pronouns, wherever some emphasis on
the utterance is to be made from speaker’s point of view. /-bė/ occurs
only with human nouns and /-edė/ occurs with all nouns. |
wė
k
