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(a) Nouns from verb stems can be derived by adding the appropriate suffixes i.e., /-ne/, /-tad/, /Nk¨/ and /-nam/. The suffix /-ne/ is adjectival suffixes /-tad/, /-Nk¨/ refer to abstract nouns and material nouns respectively; while /-nam/ derives action nouns.

VR        +
-ne        =
Derived Noun
-tad
-k
-p
-nam

(i) Suffix /-ne/ derives a noun/adjective combination. The class membership depends upon the syntactic behavior.

Verbroot
Noun/Adjective
‘to give birth’
(na)-ne
‘birth’
k
‘to sell’
k-ne
‘seller’
gįg
‘to call’
gįg-ne
‘invitee’
g
‘go’
g-ne
‘one who goes’
pri
‘read’
pri-ne
‘student’
mka
‘kill’
mke-ne
‘dead’
s
‘dance’
s-ne
‘dancer’

(ii) Suffixes /-a/, /-Nk¨/ and /-nam/ derive only nouns.

VR
Noun
‘say’
lś-tad
‘Speech’
y
‘do’
y-tad
‘duty’
du
‘sit’
du-Nk
‘place to keep things, page’
s
‘dance’
s-Nk
‘place to dance’
‘to get’
pį-Nk
‘object to be received’
yl
‘to paint;to mould’
yl-nam
‘painting; moulding’
pt
‘to weave’
pt-nam
‘weaving’
rk
‘to beat’
rg-nam
‘beating’
t
‘to drink’
t-nam
‘drinking’
g
‘to wear’
g-nam
‘wearing’
tg
‘to write; to paint’
tg-nam
‘writing; painting’

(iii) Suffixes /nė/ and /p/ derive adjectives/nouns from other form classes :
VR + { -nė }
{ -p}

VR
Adjectives
‘bring’
bķ-nė
‘full’
tėbčg
‘weigh’
tėb čg-nė
‘heavy’
‘made hot’
gś-nė
‘hot’
kin
‘to know’
kin-nė
‘learned’
t
‘to drink’
t-nė
‘sweet’
du
‘sit’
du-p
‘good place to sit’
arėm
‘pot’
arļm-nė
‘wealthy’
dmum
‘storm’
dmum-nė
‘stormy’
alum
‘solid’
‘alum-nė
‘solidness’
mig-lu
‘blind’
mig-lu-nė
‘blindness’
take
‘ginger’
take-nė
‘gingerlike’

(iv) Adverbs are formed by suffixing different adverbial case markers. (Please refer to the section on adverb.)

 

 

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