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`the  dog2  barks3 (barking)*1

Topicalization of the locative NPs is more widely found to occur than the other topicalizations. The topicalized NP are both marked for nominative. The nominative NP of the source sentence is obligatorily deleted.

  X
 
[NP VP
 
[NPVC 
 
[NP Loc
 
 V] VC
 
 X] VP
 
 X]
 
X
 
  1
 
2
 
3
 
4
 
5
 
6
 
7
 
8
 
® 1
 
ų
 
2
 
3
 
4
 
5
 
6
 
7
 
      [-wč]

 

[-wč]

 

       
Given a sentence

(274)

/ajyidyabya1 pįhwćky2 kźstiyą3 queen-Nom frog-Loc case-Acc khąbo4/
reach-Hab (3Sg)-Cau
`the  queen1  brought4  the  case3  on  the  frog2

when the locative is topicalized, the sentence reads as

(274a)

/kźstiyąwč1  pįhwćwčky2 case-Nom frog-Nom-Loc khąbo3/
reach-Hab (3Sg)-Cau
`the  case1  was  brought3  on  the  frog2

3.6. 
 
Deletions
 
Besides the four types of simple sentences and the sentences transformation ally derived from them, quasi-elliptical versions of these sentences occur quite normally in this language. A basic difference is that the sentence must have a nominative NP.

   Subject Deletion :

The nominative NP can be optionally deleted if the NP is an agent and is included in the semantic content of the verb. Gen the sentence

 

(275)

  /tadįb1   kwįg2   pso3/
  snake-Nom [A] dog-Acc bite-RecP
`the  snake1   bit  the   dog2

The nominative NP can be deleted, giving the sentence

(276)
  /kwįg1     pso2/
  dog-Acc bit-RecP
`(the snake) bit the dog1

Object Deletion :

The accusative NP in a transitive sentence may be optionally deleted in a sentence like

(277)
  /h1    tap  thąde3/
  I-Nom rice-Acc eat-Hab (1Sg)
`I1   eat rice2

giving a quasi-elliptical sentence.

(278)
  /h1   thįde2/
  I-Nom eat-Hab (1Sg)
`I1   eat2 (rice)’

The instrumental NP in a topicalized sentence is


 

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