| 4. |
lopüi1
idu2
oloI so-e3
lo iI4
ano zhü5
shu6
-e5 |
| |
she1
sang (a) song I3
yesterday , iti4
was 5
very6
good to listen 5
|
|
(c)
|
Notional
No redundancy |
The presence of
two tokens of the same word-one within a compound
and the other outside-in a sentence does not make
for semantic redundancy. The presence of two tokens
of cü ‘house’ and odzü ‘water’
in the following examples does not make for redundancy
because one of them occurs within a compound viz.,
cü-vu ‘house-go’ (= to marry (sbj : fem.
sg.)) and odzü-da ‘water-beat (= swim)’
|
|
384 |
1. |
ai1
dzüI -bvü2
-lino3
odzü-akhrü ni-we5
ana6
{odzü}7
|
zhü8
mo-e9
|
|
|
{ *iii} |
|
|
|
|
|
I1
wanted to5
water-pour on (=to |
body
parts)4
in3
(the) |
|
|
wash
|
|
|
|
| |
water I
-box (well) 2
but6
{(the) water
}7
|
was8
not9
good8
|
|
{ *iti
} |
|
|
|
|
|
asopposed
to |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2. |
ai1
odzü2
cü3
ni-we4
ana5
{odzü}6
|
shü-e
7 |
|
|
{süsüi} |
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
I1
wanted to4
drink3
waterI2
, but 5
{ (the) water }6
|
was bad7
|
|
|
{ iti
} |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3. |
lolia1
loli2
cü-vu-o3
pfo4
cü5,
he6
|
vu-i-e7
|
| |
|
Lolia1
Loli’s2
house-went(= married) and3
|
went7
to6
his4
house5
|
|
|
|
|
|
4. |
odzü-ka-da1
duno2
odzü3
mo-e4
|
|
|
|
there
is no4
water 3
to2
water-beat |
(=
swim) 2 |
|
|
|
|
|
5. |
odzü1
{dzü-ku}2
pio3
give3
(me) |
{
cold-water }2
water1
|
|
{dzü-le/lü}
|
{
hot-water } |
|
where dzü-ku and dzü-le
are compounds and odzü ‘water’ is not
redundant.
|
(d)
|
Non-contrastiveness
in syntactic space |
| *385 |
ai1
odzü-da2
ta3
la4
ni5
 aiho-yi6
da7
ta-o8
|
| |
I1
will 4
go3
to beat-water (= swim)2
; you |
| |
(sg.)5
go8
to beat7
Daiho6 |
|
Being a part of a compound, odzü ‘water’
is not available for contrast in syntactic space.
|
(e)
|
Identity
Erasure |
A linguistic element could be erased on identity
with another preceding or following element.
|
|
386 |
A: |
pfo1
adimüi2
-ko-e0
|
| |
|
which village/community
does2
he1
belong to ?2 |
| |
|
|
|
|
B: |
ųI
(= pfo)1
kolamüi2
-ko-e0
|
| |
|
ų (= he1
) (is) a plainsman2
|
|
pfo ‘he’ is erased or deleted in B’s
response on identity with the pfo ‘he’
that began A’s question. Elements within compounds
do not lend themselves to this syntactic operation.
|
|
387 |
A: |
ni1
loli2
cüi -vu-i3
-ama4
|
| |
|
did3
you (sg.)1
go to Loli’s2
house1
(= marry)3
?4
|
| |
|
|
|
|
B: |
ove1
{*ų1
-vu-e }2
yes1
{ *went to ų (= Loli’s house) }2 |
| |
|
{(loli) cü-vu-e }
{ went to (Loli’s) house } |
|
cü ‘house’ which forms part of the compound
cü-vu house-go (= marry) can not be erased
or deleted on identity with another of its free
relatives in the sentence.
|
Curiously, as pointed
out already, in certain cases, Identity Erasure
throws up results which are in conflict with the
other markers of syntactic insularity. Thus, we
saw, by more than one criterion, odzü-da
water-beat (= swim) qualifies as a compound, but
by the criterion of Identity Erasure, it is not
a compound.
|
|
388 |
A: |
ni1
odzü1
-da2
-ama3 |
| |
|
did2
you (sg.)1
water1
-beat (= swim)2
?3
|
| |
|
|
|
|
B: |
ove1
ų1-da-e2
|
| |
|
yes1
, ų1
(= water) - beat (= swim) 2 |
|
ona-sokro ‘abort’ is a compound on other
criteria, but on the criterion of Identity Erasure,
it is not a compound.
|
|
386 |
A: |
maia1
ona -sokro-oie2
|
| |
|
Matia 1
child2
-aborted3
(= Matia underwent natural abortion)
|
| |
|
|
|
|
B:
|
cüdu-no
‘when’
|
|
