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4.8 |
The particle of wondrous, extraordinary,
emotionally exciting experience. This is
marked by jü which occurs only
with verbs, and only in the past tense. |
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|
360. |
1. |
oko1
kali2 pe3
jü0 |
| |
|
told3
(us) a2
tale1 ,
which was extraordinary 0 |
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2. |
japaanmüi1
ata2 iniu3
-li4 vu5
-jü6 |
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|
(the)
Japanese1
came5 to4
our (excl. prn. & excl. pl.)2
village3 |
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(which
is something special)6 |
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3. |
a1
pfo2 voo·ka3
sho4 jü5 |
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|
my1
father2
drank4 Vodka3
(which is something out of the
ordinary)5 |
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4. |
pfo1
okhro-so2
to3 jü4 |
| |
|
he1
ate3 deer-meat2
(for the first time)4
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5. |
ai1
maisuur2
-lino3 vu- ie4
jü0 |
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|
I1
have come4
from3 Mysore2
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4.9
|
The narrative particle, -sü.
Subjects in a narrative piece are typically
marked by -sü
|
See the folktale at the end of the grammar
for examples.
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4.10
|
The particle of positive, joyous emotional
state ,e
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| 361.
1. |
pfo1
pfo2 e0
cohõ ni lo-i-e3 |
| |
his1
father2 can
see now 3 |
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|
| 2. |
pfo1
e0 vu2
le3 o4
pfo-no5
pe6
|
| |
he5
said6 that4
he1 would3
come2 |
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4.11
|
The quotative particle  o.
For illustrations see 6.4.2.1.2a. This has
in everyday speech become ra marking the
fact, in effect, that the speaker did not
hear his interlocutor well in the first
instance and therefore requests an encore
linguistic performance. |
|
362 |
1. |
adi1
ra what1
(did you say) ? |
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|
2. |
ahie1
ra who1
(did you say) ? |
Originally
these were |
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|
1a. |
adi
o-e |
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|
1b. |
ahie
o-e |
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where
o
is a quotative |
|
4.12
|
The particle of irresponsibility, hi. |
|
363 |
pfo1
-hi0 ni2
na-yi3 koli4
le5 |
| |
he1
will5 look
after4 your
(sg.)2 children3 |
|
hi postposed to the subject
means that the subject may not, and in all
probability, will not do the action. hi
marks uncertainty, irresponsibility
and negative inclination.
|
4.13
|
The particle of responsibility, no |
In contrast with the particle of irresponsibility,
no marks responsibility. Thus,
|
|
364 |
pfo-no1
ni2 na-yi3
koli4 le5
|
|
would mean the subject will look after the
child, even if unwillingly.
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4.14
|
Miscellaneous particles |
Miscellaneous particles are e ‘also’
and koli/e ‘only’.
|
4.14.1.
|
e ‘also’ occurs with nouns including postpositional
phrases, and with adverbs.
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|
365 |
1. |
ai1
e2 mikrüli3
lo4 le5
|
| |
|
I1
will5 also2
come4 to
Imphal3
|
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2. |
ai1
mikrüli2
e3 ta4
le5 |
| |
|
I1
will5 go4
to Imphal2
also3 |
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|
3. |
heni
heno e |
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|
from
Heni also |
| |
|
|
|
|
4. |
idu
e imeli ocü rüe |
| |
|
it
rained in Mao yesterday also |
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It does not occur after verbs either except
after nouns which are parts of multiword
verbs :
|
| ocü1
e2
nie1
it shone1
too2
|
| |
| ocü1
e2
rüe1
it rained1
too2
|
|
koli ‘only’ occurs with nouns including
postpositional phrases, adverbs, but not
with verbs.
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