would mean ‘beat over and
over again’. Otherwise, shu
has an emotional tinge, the
devoutness of feeling being
stressed.
|
| kralo-le
} |
|
| } |
‘thanks
very much’ |
| kralo
shu-e
} |
|
| |
|
| tokru-te
|
‘very
high’ |
| |
|
| tokru
shu-e |
‘very
high (emotionally
tinged)’ |
| |
|
| asa-te |
‘very
happy (general and
formal)’ |
| |
|
| asa
shu-e |
‘very
happy (specific
and genuine emotionally)’ |
|
f.
|
 ha.
This is, typically and not
necessarily, descriptive of
intensity of physical/physiological
action or process.
|
|
|
ai1
carü2
 ha3
le4 |
I1
will4
be2
very3
thirsty2
|
| |
|
| ai1
zhi2
ni3
ha4
le3 |
I1
want 3
to sleep2
very much4
|
|
|
|
g.
|
makrü |
| larü
amodomüi1
mani2
makrü3
-o2
rü-we4
|
| students1
are writing4
very3
calmly 2
|
|
h.
|
i
This is descriptive of
general, often, negative intensity |
| bas1
vu2
mo-i-e3 |
(the)
bus1
did not3
come2
at all3
|
|
i
|
(i) li/lü. This is
descriptive of the speaker’s
unfavourable emotional disposition. |
| larübvü-na-i1
zhü-e2
ana3
so4
li/lü5
-e4
|
| the
book1
is good2
but3
is too5
long4
|
| |
| pfo-hi1
bo2
moso3
li/lü4
-e2 |
| he1
cooked2
it for too4
long3 |
|
(ii)
|
khrü. This is
descriptive of the speaker’s
unfavourable emotional disposition
towards how entities taste
(eg. salt)
|
j.
|
du. This has
an elusive nuance of meaning. |
| cohü
kali1
ho2
du0
|
there
is nothing2
left1
|
|
|
| no1
hihi2
so3
-sho4
du0
|
you1
do not4
do3
this2
|
|
|
| cü1
he2
odzü3
ko0
ho4
du0
|
there
is no4
water3
at all at2
home1
|
|
|
| ari1
-sho2
du0
|
do
not2
make noise1
|
|
|
| pfo1
he2
rü3
le4
du0
|
(we)
will4
write3
to2
him1
|
|
|
| cüvemüi1
cu ta-ie2
du0
|
(the)
thief 1
has run away2
|
|
4.5
|
The
particle of contrast |
o, oli are the particles
of contrast. They occur with
nouns and adverbs
|
| 357
|
1. |
ai-o1
sodu2
mikrüli3
lo4
le5
ni6
oli7
khiboli8
kro9
|
| |
|
I1
will5
go4
to Imphal3
tomorrow 2
and you6
go9
to Kohima
8 |
|
oli and -o
are constrained in their co-occurence
with subject NP’s
|
| sbj
NP1 |
{
o sbj NP2
oli } |
|
{*oli
o} |
| |
{oli
O} |
|
{*o
O} |
|
{
O
oli}
|
|
4.6
|
The
particle of holisticity |
pfu
and khri, both
of which occur only with verbs,
signal that the action is
thorough, and holistic in
some sense.
|
|
358
|
1. |
ive1
di2
pfu/khri3
io-ie2
|
| |
|
(the)
forest1
burnt2
completely3
|
| |
|
|
|
|
2. |
dzübvü1
hiu2
pfu/khri3
-oie2
|
| |
|
(the)
pond1
dried up2
completely3
|
| |
|
|
|
|
3. |
ona1
ve2
pfu/khri3
pfo ta ie4
|
| |
|
(he)
has done a thorough
job of stealing
(everything in the
house) |
| |
|
and
taking it away |
| |
|
|
|
|
4.
|
kheto1
to2
pfu 3
lo-ie2 |
| |
|
completely3
eaten up2
the rice1
|
|
4.7
|
The particle of piquant
expectancy is na |
| 359
|
1. |
he1
ko2
na0
|
| |
|
come2
here1
(and there’s something
I want to show you,
tell you etc.) |
| |
|
|
|
|
2. |
cohü
kali1
bu-e2
na0 |
| |
|
there
is2
something1
|
| |
|
|
|
|
3. |
he1
bu-o2
na0
|
| |
|
sit2
here1
(and, I will tell
you something interesting
etc.) |
| |
|
|
|
|
4. |
oca1
sho-lo2
na0 |
| |
|
drink2
tea1
(it will get cold)
|
|
