| makra |
‘constantly/continuously’ |
| akuo |
‘together’ |
|
|
Typically,these manner adverbs follow the verb
root (and the following VR marker):
|
|
329 |
pfo1
ovo2
ni-lo3
vizü4
le5
|
| |
he1
will5
certainly4
get3
(the) job2
|
|
A notable exception to this rule of linear order
is akuo ‘together’
|
|
330 |
pfohü1
akuo2
 a-i-e
3 |
| |
they (du.)1
went3
together2
|
|
Going by linear order, ideophones belong to this
class of adverbs
|
(e)
|
the
sentence adverb |
Members of this class of adverbs modify the whole
sentence. Characterically, they occur immediately
after the subject but could occur sentence-initially.
They are numerically the largest class. Most of
them are fictive and others evaluative
|
|
331 |
caka |
‘next year’ |
| |
|
|
| |
ikhüi |
‘this year’ |
| |
|
|
| |
izho deni |
‘these days’ |
| |
|
|
| |
okhro-tsü |
‘monthly’ |
| |
|
|
| |
hata-tsü |
‘weekly’ |
| |
|
|
| |
mopfu-tsü |
‘yearly’ |
| |
|
|
| |
ocü kohuni
|
‘daily’ |
| |
|
|
| |
ozhi-no |
‘usually; typically;
|
| |
|
characteristically’ |
| |
|
|
| |
kacüko |
‘sometimes’ |
| |
|
|
| |
zhüno shü-e |
‘1. by all means 2.
by hook or crook’ |
| |
|
|
| |
kocucuno |
‘really’ |
| |
|
|
| |
izho |
‘today’ |
| |
|
|
| |
sodu |
‘tomorrow’ |
| |
|
|
| |
idu |
‘yesterday’ |
| |
|
|
| |
ora bo (le) |
‘god forbid !’ |
| |
|
|
| |
ocü ojü kaxi no
khu-lo |
|
|
|
‘let both earth and heaven block me .... (I
didn’t steal)’
|
|
|
Exceptionally, the sentential adverb could be
the continuous participle
|
|
332 |
rako
zhü-o |
‘fortunately’ |
| |
rako
shü-o |
‘unfortunately’ |
|
|
Mao Naga has no
lexicalisations for notions expressed by such
English sentential adverbs as paradoxically, understandably,
regrettably, naturally, strangely, curiously,
only, of course, incredibly, interestingly, conceivably,
probably, possibly, obviously, noticeably, arguably. |
Order
|
|
As mention earlier,
typically manner adverbs follow the verb root
(and the VR marker). Continuous participial adverbs
typically follow the subject but could alternatively
occur before the subject. |
Verb Modification By Devices Other Than Lexicalisation
|
There are two ways by in which a verb may be modified
no lexically: (a) by the doubled sequence of hi
and the verb and (b) by two tokens of the verb
straddling e
|
|
|
