|
7. |
ata1
tasoniyi2 akuo3
ta4 h(r)o-e5
/le mo-e6 |
| |
we (excl. pl. &
excl. prn.)1
will not5 go4
with3 Tasoni2 |
| |
|
|
8. |
loli-no1
mikrüli2 ko3
h(r)o-e4 /le
mo-e4 |
| |
Loli1
will not4 go
down3 to Imphal2 |
| |
|
|
9. |
Lolia-no1
losü2 cü-vu3
h(r)o-e4 /le
moe4 |
| |
Lolia1
will not4 marry3
Losü2 |
|
It may
be noted that these free variants constitute negatives both of the future
indicative and of the mood of individual choice plus determination. |
|
d.
|
ho
‘can not’ (marking intrinsic or physiological
inability), in free variation with hro/hra |
|
|
1. |
ai1
rü2 (lo)ho-e3
/(lo)/hro-e3
/(lo)hra-e3 |
| |
I1
can not3 write2
(because of intrinsic inability) |
| |
|
|
2. |
a1
na2 ta3
(lo)ho-e4 /(lo)hro-e4
/(lo)hra-e4 |
| |
my1
child2 can not4
walk3 (because
of intrinsic inability) |
| |
|
|
3. |
lopüi1
olo so2 (lo)ho-e
/hro-e3 |
| |
she1
can not3 sing2
(because of intrinsic inability) |
| |
|
|
4. |
ni1
shüpüi2 /pe2
(lo)ho-e3 /(lo)hro-e3
|
| |
you (sg)1
can not3 speak2
(because of intrinsic inability) |
| |
|
|
5. |
kaikho kokru
(lo).ho-e /(lo)hro-e |
| |
Kaikho can not play
(because of physical inability) |
| |
|
|
6. |
a cümüi
mono ho hro- i-e
|
| |
my wife can not bear
childen (because of physiological inability) |
|
| |
|
3.4. |
13.2. |
lo-shü
marks the negation of extrinsic inability |
| |
|
|
|
211 |
1. |
ai1
hihi2 so3
lo-shü-e4 |
| |
|
I1
can not4 do3
this2 (because
of factors extraneous to my physical ability) |
| |
|
|
|
|
2. |
tasoni1
ta2 lo-shü-e3
|
| |
|
Tasoni1
can not3 walk2
(because of factors extraneous to Tasoni’s physical |
| |
|
ability eg. he is
not permitted to walk) |
| |
|
|
|
|
3. |
a1
cümüi2 pe3
/shüpüi3 lo-shü-e4 |
| |
|
my1
wife2 can not4
speak3 (because
of factors extraneous to my wife’s physical ability
eg. she has been instructednot to) |
| |
|
|
|
|
4. |
lopüi1
olo so2 lo-shü-e3 |
| |
|
she1
can not3 sing2
(because of factors other than physical ability
eg. she |
| |
|
has vowed not to sing
for the next five years) |
| |
|
|
|
|
5. |
ai1
cü2 lo-shü-i-e3
|
| |
|
I1
can not3 pass
stools 2 (because
of factors extraneous to my ability |
| |
|
to defecate eg. there’s
no proper place) |
| |
|
|
|
|
6. |
manini1
mono2 lo-shü-i-e3 |
| |
|
Manini1
can not3 give
birth to a child2
|
| |
|
(because of factors
other than physical ability eg. there are no obstetric |
| |
|
facilities at the
place) |
|
notice the 5th and the 6th examples under intrinsic inability
and extrinsic inability. Verbs whose meaning entails movement
out of a container, the crossing of a boundary in a physical
sense take ho in place of lo in the mood
marker of intrinsic ability as seen in 3.4.12. So that no
verb which takes ho can take the marker of the
negative of extrinsic inability: ho has to do with
intrinsic
|
|
*6a |
ai1
cü2 ho0
(lo)-shü-ie3
|
| |
I1
can not3 defecate2
|
| |
|
|
*7a. |
manini1
mono2 ho0
(lo)-shü-ie3
|
| |
Manini1
can not3 bear
children 2 |
|
3.4.13.3.
|
The Imperative Negative or Prohibitive is marked by sho
and the more polite pi-sho, the politeness ‘meaning
deriving from pi ‘to give’. It follows that whichever
mood has the verb marked in the imperative, has its negative
marked in the prohibitive. e.g. the optative
|
|
212. |
1. |
lohe1
ko-sho2 |
| |
|
don’t go2
there1 |
| |
|
|
|
|
2. |
 esk1
va2 rü3
-sho4 |
| |
|
don’t4
write3 on2
(the) desk1 |
| |
|
|
|
|
3. |
ni1
pha2 moho3
-sho4 |
| |
|
don’t4
waste3 your (sg.)1
time2 |
| |
|
|
|
|
4. |
ni1
na-yi2 khro3
-sho4 |
| |
|
don’t4
pamper3 your
(sg)1 children2
|
| |
|
|
|
|
5. |
mada-sho |
| |
|
do not lie, tell lies’ |
| |
|
|
|
|
6. |
sa ka-shü1
onamüi 2 akuo3
li-sho4 |
| |
|
don’t join4
naughty1 boys2
|
|
