| 8.
|
lolia1
odzü akhrü-ō2
opi ku-we3 |
| |
Lolia1
is washing body parts2
(along with) combing her hair 3 |
| |
|
| 9.
|
sibo-no1
da/ aip- ō/2
pe 3 |
| |
Sibo1
typed and2 said3
|
| |
|
| 10. |
sibo-no1
da/aip-ō2
pe3 |
| |
Sibo1
said 3, as he
typed2 |
| |
|
| 11.
|
nisa1
ayi2 ni-ō/3
pfo he4 pe5 |
| |
Nisa1
looked at3 me2
and3 told5
him4 |
| |
|
| 12. |
nisa1
ayi2 ni-ō3
pfo he4 pe5 |
| |
Nisa1
told5 him4
looking at3 me2
or as she looked at3 me2
|
|
Generally, the subjects of the embedded and embedding
clauses need not be co referential with non-stative
conjunctives unlike with statives where they should
be :
|
|
|
192 |
1. |
losü1
ocü2 vu ta-o3
losa4 ole mazhü-i-e5
|
|
|
|
Lusü1
has gone3 home2
and3 Losa4
is sad5 |
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
| |
2. |
ihõ-no1
made - {ō
}2
|
pfo3
thi-i-e4
|
| |
|
{*ō
} |
|
| |
|
|
|
| |
|
(the)
snake1 having
bit2 (him), he3
died4
|
|
| |
|
|
|
| |
3. |
movuo-no1
pe- { ō
}2
|
omüi3
hopfü
4 ano pi-e5
|
| |
|
{*ō} |
|
| |
|
|
|
| |
|
(the)
headman1 spoke,
and2 all4
|
(men)3
listened 5 |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
4. |
ocü
rü- { ō}1
|
oca-omo/oro2
shü-i-e3
|
| |
|
{*ō} |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
it havin
grained1(the)crops |
/theharvest2
was ruined3 |
|
Notice that -ō
is not felicitous presumably because apparently such actions are
necessarily sequential except 192.3 which is a desideratum.
|
|
statives |
| |
|
|
|
193 |
*1. |
pfo-hi osa
dzü-o pfo dzürieu oha-te
|
| |
|
he is short and his
brother is fat |
| |
|
|
|
|
*2. |
losa-hi2
oso kra-o2 pfo3 kasapüi4 mamüi zhü-te5 |
| |
|
Losa1 is fair2 and2
her3 friend4 is comely5 |
| |
|
|
|
|
*3 |
ai1
carü-o2 a3
pfo4 mozü-we5 |
| |
|
I1
am thirsty and2
my3 father4
is hungry5 |
| |
|
|
|
|
*4. |
iniu-na-i1
i-o2
imeli3 mohiu4
moe5 |
| |
|
the village1
is small and2
Mao3 is4
not5 clean4
|
|
The conjuctive with
stative verbs, of course, entails no notional
sequence. It is also marked by o#/o
to the exclusion of -ono which is
another marker of action conjuctives.
|
|
|
194. |
1. |
pfo-hi1
osa dzü-o2
oha-te3
|
|
|
he1
is short and2
fat3 |
|
|
|
|
|
2. |
losa-hi1
oso kra-o2
mamüi zhü-te3
|
|
|
Losa1
is fair and2
comely3
|
|
|
|
|
|
3. |
ai1
carü-o2
mozü-we3 |
|
|
I1
am thirsty and2
hungry 2 |
|
|
|
|
|
4. |
iniu-na-i1
i-o2
mohiu
moe3 |
|
|
the
village1
is small and2
unclean3 |
|
Action conjuctives,
i.e., conjunctive participles of action
verbs can also be phonically unmarked as
in
|
|
|
195. |
1. |
he1
ko2 bu-o3
|
| |
|
come2
here1 and2
sit3 |
| |
|
|
|
|
2. |
besa1
vu2 odzü3
pfü4 le5
|
| |
|
Besa 1
will5 come
and2 carry
4 water3
on her back4
|
| |
|
|
|
|
3. |
lohrü1
larü-i2
pfo3 ta-i-e4
|
| |
|
Lohrü1
took3 the
paper(s)2
and3 went4
|
| |
|
|
|
|
4. |
adahra1
vu2 kape3
le4 |
| |
|
Adahra1
will4 come
and2 transplant
(plants)3
|
|
Zero-marking of conjunctives is,
however, subject to its own constraints as other grammaticalized
notions also take zero-marking ; the zero-marked conjunctive and the
zero-marked purposive, for instance, do not lead to ambiguity. The
following illustrate the zero-marked purposive.
|
|
|
196 |
1. |
pfo1
kokru2
|
loe
3 |
| |
|
play-prp
(= O
) |
|
| |
|
|
|
| |
|
he1
went2 to
play2
|
|
|
