except the first viz. that of adding duno/vano
‘for’ to the future participial form of the verb are, therefore,
ungrammatical. A further example would be
|
|
186 |
ovo1
so { -ko-ru duno }2
|
cü hiu-li3
-ko0 opha-hi4
maci-e5 |
| |
{
*la o
} |
|
| |
{
*-o } |
|
| |
{
*ų} |
|
| |
|
|
| |
morning3
(is) the right5
|
time4
to (do)2 work
1 |
|
where opha ‘time’, the subject of the embedding
clause (identified in terms of the diagnostic correlate
of hi, the particle of emphasis) and the unexpressed
subject of the embedded clause can not be co referential
; only the first mode is therefore grammatical. Further,
the main or embedding clause must be in the indicative mood
for all but the first mode. The following sentence has its
main clause in the deontic mood so that only the first,
and none of the others, is possible.
|
| 187.
|
ni1
caandel2 -li3
ta { -ko -ru duno }4
|
ive
hru-li-no5 ta
hoco
pha-e6 |
|
{
*le o
} |
|
|
{
*-o } |
|
|
{
*-ų} |
|
|
to go4
to3 Chandel2
, you (sg.)1
have to go6 |
thru’
(a) forest5
|
|
If, however, a quotative
purposive clause is embedded in a clause with a finite verb, it is
felicitous. cf. the last example under (b) where
 o
is a quotative embedding a purposive clause. |
3.4.8.
|
The Infinitive |
The
infinitive is expressed by (1) zero (2) by -kolo,
-koco and -co followed optionally by duno/vano
‘for’ and (3) by the participial form of the verb, signaled
by the prefix ka
|
|
188 |
1. |
ai1
nikhrumüi2 hopfü3
kade { ų
}4 |
asa shu-e5
|
| |
|
{-kolo
-hi} |
|
| |
|
{ -co -hi} |
|
| |
|
|
|
| |
|
I1
am happy5 to
meet4 you (incl.
pl.)2 all
3 |
|
| |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
| |
2. |
ni1
cihi2
nie { ų}3
|
asa shu-i-e4
|
| |
|
{(-ko)
lo duno} |
|
| |
|
{
koco duno} |
|
| |
|
|
|
| (I) |
|
am happy4
to get3 your1
letter 2 |
|
| |
|
|
|
| |
3. |
rübvemüicü1
bu { ų
}2
covo yi-te3 |
|
| |
|
{koco (duno)} |
|
| |
|
|
|
| |
|
it is pleasurable3
to be2 in Punanamai1
|
|
| |
|
|
|
| |
4. |
ai1
ni2 pfo kathi-sü4
co {ų}5
|
ale mazhi-te6 |
| |
|
{koco
duno} |
|
| |
|
{*kolo} |
|
| |
|
|
|
| |
|
I2
am sad 6 to
hear of 5
your2 father’s3
|
death4
|
| |
|
|
|
| |
5. |
ovo1
nie {kolo (vano)}2
pfo3 raku zhü-te4
|
|
| |
|
{(hi)} |
|
| |
|
{(duno)} |
|
| |
|
{? lo -
O} |
|
| |
|
|
|
| |
|
he3
was fortunate4
to get2 (a) job1
|
|
| |
|
|
|
| |
6.
|
ai1
niyi2 ka-pi3
cohü ko kali4
ho-e 5 |
|
| |
|
I1
do not have5
anything4 to
give3 you (sg.)2
|
|
| |
|
|
|
| |
7. |
ai1
ni peno2 ocü3
ta-ų4
ni-we5 |
|
| |
|
I1
want5 you2
to go4
home3 |
|
|
3.4.9.
|
The Continuous Participle |
The
Continuous participle expressing an action simultaneous
with the main verb is marked by -pfo and -ō/-ō,
the former being more common and preferred. Unlike in
English, the finite verb follows the participle. The actions
could be discrete even while occupying the same unit of
time or could be indistinguishably unitary (egs. 189.4-6).
In the latter case, they are adverbial in function.
|
|
189. |
1. |
kaini1
khi- {pfo}
2
|
ta-i-e3 |
| |
|
{
ō
/ō} |
|
| |
|
|
|
| |
|
Kaini1
went3 knitting2
|
|
|
