It is produced the same way as [pf] is except that the vocal
folds come together to produce ‘voice’ |
It occurs initially and medially, only before [*] and [o].
|
Initial
|
| bvķ |
‘to hatch [vl]’ |
| |
|
| bvóthą
|
‘kill by goring’ |
|
Medial
|
mņbv
|
‘echo’ |
| |
|
| dzģbvt |
‘lake’ |
|
[ts] is the breathed, alveolar affricate.
|
| It is produced by blocking the airstreams
from the lungs at the teeth ridge with the blade of the
tongue and then releasing it slowly so as to cause friction.
More technically, it is an alveolar plosive released as
a homorganic fricative. The vocal folds are kept apart so
there is no ‘voice’ and the velic raised to close the nasal
passage. |
It occurs and finally, and only before the central vowel
[t]
|
Medial
|
| bąmĭtskĕ
|
‘nail’ |
|
Final
|
| itst |
‘masculine
gender marker [as for insects and deer]’ |
| |
|
| otst |
‘kind
of plant, 3-5 ft. in height belonging to the
grass family with grey, black, red and blue
coloured grains’ |
|
[dz] is the voiced, alveolar affricate.
|
| It is produced the same was as [ts], its voiceless
counterpart, except that the vocal folds come together and
vibrate causing voice. The velic is raised to close the
nasal passage. |
It occurs initially and medially, and only before [t] and
[e]. |
Initial
|
dz |
‘to coax children’ |
| osadz |
‘to be short’ |
|
Medial
|
| kokhrzdz |
‘sweat’ |
| ģdzķ |
‘testicle’ |
|
[o] is the breathed palatal affricate.
|
| It is produced by blocking the air column
from the lungs with the blade of the tongue being raised
to the palate and then releasing the tongue gradually so
as to cause friction. More technically, it is a palatal
plosive released as a homorganic fricative. The vocal folds
are kept apart in a state of voicelessness and the velic
raised to close off the nasal passage. |
Initial
|
cāmpr |
‘lemon [fruit]’ |
| cāļķ |
‘ground ; floor ;
earth’ |
|
Medial
|
| ōcŏ
|
‘husband’ |
ōcĭm į |
‘wife’ |
|
A phonetic variant of this consonant is articulated
with distinctly greater friction when it occurs before
the central vowel, [i].
|
| |
[j] is the voiced, palatal affricate.
|
pį
