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The Desiderative without the
thwarting condition is not grammaticalised but is expressed
by the lexical verbs of conation ni ‘to want ; to desire’
and odzü pa ‘to like’ following the verb expressive
of the desired action. odzü pa is postposed to
the verbal participle and ni to the verb root.
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ni |
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98. |
1. |
ai1
imela2 graamar3
kazhü4 kali5
rü6 ni-we7
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I1
am wanting to7
write6 a
5 good 4
Mao Naga2 grammar3
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2. |
alemo-hi1
ovo2 hrü-(lo)3
ni-we4 |
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Alemo1
is wanting to4
buy3 (a) pig2
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3. |
pfo1
rashü2 to3
ni-we4 |
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he1
is wanting to4
eat3 (a) fruit(s)2
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4. |
ai1
ico2 mikrü-li3
lo4 ni-we5
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I1
am wanting to5
go down4 to Imphal3
now2 |
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5. |
ma ia1
mozü2 ni-we3
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Matia1
is wanting to3
pass water2 |
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6. |
ai1
ni-yi 2 mono3
ni-we4 |
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I1
am wanting to4
marry3 you(sg.)2
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odzü
pa |
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7. |
ai1
na pfoo-na-hi2
ocü ko-kru3 dzü
pae4 (kru ‘to
separate from’) |
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my1
son2 wants to4
be separate from the rest of the family members3
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8. |
ai1
ocü2 kocuoko3
ka-pe4 dzü pae5
(pe ‘to speak’) |
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I1
‘d like to5 speak4
a few 3 words2
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9. |
pfo-hi1
ico-no2 ka-ta3
dzü pae4 (ta
‘to go away’) |
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he1
would like to4
leave3 now
2 |
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10. |
a1
na pfoo-na-hi2
ojü3 du-ko-krü/dukrü-co4
dzü pae5 7
(dukrü ‘to divide (as land)’) |
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my1
son 2 wants
to5 divide4
(the) land 3 |
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3.4.6.6.
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The Permissive |
The
mood of Permission which expresses permission on the part
of the referent of the subject of the sentence is formally,
typically, though not always, the same as the syntactic
causative the DO marked by peno and the verb
in the imperative.
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99 |
1. |
pfoyi peno1
ta io2
let2 her1
go 2 |
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2. |
piiar
peno1 rü-lo2
let Peter1 write2
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3. |
pfota-yi
peno1 oho ozhi
zhi-lo2 let2
them (excl. pl.)1
have a brief nap 2 |
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4. |
pfohi-yi
peno1 vu adzü-lo2
let2 them (du.)1
marry (sbj:du)2
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5. |
lopüiyi
peno1 olo so-o2
let2 her1
sing2 |
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6. |
ayi peno1
to-o2 let2
me1 eat
2 |
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7. |
hreli peno1
hayi2 sho3
let3 Hreli1
imbibe3 ricebeer
2 |
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8. |
pfohi)-yi
peno1 a2
he3 vu-lo4
let4 them(du.)1
come4 to3
me2 |
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As in Angami, typically the permissive and the
syntactic causative are formally identical.
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100 |
1 |
pfohi-yi peno vu adzü-lo |
1. |
let them(du.) marry
(intr. & sbj: du) |
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2. |
make them marry |
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2 |
pfo-yi peno ta-io |
1.
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let her sing |
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2. |
make her sing |
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3 |
pfo-yi peno (mo)-rü-o
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1.
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let him write |
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2. |
make him write |
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4 |
losa(-yi) peno ola (mo-)so
le |
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(we) will make/let
Losa sing |
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7.
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Note incidentally that with
the verb ni ‘want’, the progressive aspect (marked by -we
in the above examples) is more felicitous, although the
simple present (formally identical with the simple past)
is possible too. On the contrary, with the verb odzü
pa ‘to like; the simple present forms are more
felicitous, although the present progressive forms are possible
too.
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