| |
{
-yi } |
|
|
7. |
ai-no
a cümüi {
} |
saba kali
masi vu pie |
| |
{he
(khi) } |
|
| |
I1
sent my2 wife3
a5 shawl4 |
|
|
Notice that -yi, the accusative marker and he(khi),
the allative marker could both occur with a DO NP. This
suggests that the language looks at the direct object NP
as some kind of object and some kind of goal at the same
time. This duality of looking at things is true elsewhere
too. For instance, there are cases where the same NP is
looked upon both as ablative (source) and DO :
|
|
474 |
o a-na- i-no1
a heno2 / ayi2
|
kohi3
kaxi4 khroe5
|
| |
|
|
| |
The teacher1
asked5 (of) me2
|
two4
questions3 |
|
The possibility of the occurence
of only one marker suggests, on the other hand, (the phenomenological fact)
that the language looks at it only one way :
|
| |
|
{
? -yi }2 |
|
|
475 |
. 1. |
ni1
pfo {
} |
adi(yi)3
pe4 |
| |
|
{he(khi)
} |
|
| |
|
what3
did4 you(sg.)1
tell4 him2
? |
|
| |
|
|
|
| |
|
{
he(khi) }2 |
|
|
|
2. |
ai-no
1 ahisü
{
} |
cihi3
rüe4 |
| |
|
{
-yi } |
|
| |
|
I1
wrote4 (a)
letter3 to
Athisü2
|
|
| |
|
|
|
| |
|
{
-yi }3 |
|
|
|
3. |
a1
pfü-no2 atamüi
{
} |
rashü4
hrü pie5 |
| |
|
{
*he } |
|
| |
|
my1
mother2 brought5
us5 fruits4
|
|
| |
|
|
|
| |
|
{
heno }2 |
|
|
|
4. |
lolia-no1
a {
} |
lijü3
anoe4 |
| |
|
{
?-yi } |
|
| |
|
Lolia1
asked4 me2
(the) way3
|
|
|
|
Nonhuman animate indirect objects take only -yi
and not he
|
| 5.
|
tukrü-yi1
opro2 oko3
pio4 |
| |
give4
the cow1 some3
grass2 |
|
Nonanimate indirect objects display differential case marking
taking either (the allative marker) -li or (the
DOmarker) -yi :
|
| |
|
{
-li }6 |
|
|
476. |
1. |
ai-no1
larübvü2 khru3
kali4 larücü
{ *he (khi)
} |
masi pie7
|
| |
|
{
*-yi } |
|
| |
|
I1
sent7 a4
bundle3 of books2
to6 (the) school5 |
|
| |
|
|
|
| |
|
{
*-yi } |
|
|
|
2. |
katimüi-no1
ocü ojü {
} |
omüi kosü kaxi
pie |
| |
|
{
*he } |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
3. |
lokho-no1
imela2 lierecar
eke*emi ta {-yi}3
|
kasha4
hiu5
pie6 |
| |
|
Lokho1
gave6 Mao literature
Academy3 (a)
|
thousand5
rupees4 |
|
3.3.7.4.
|
The Allative |
The
Allative is marked by he ‘near’ ; -abouts’ for
animals, the word oramüi ‘god’ and some inert nouns
including the mutated cü ‘house’ as opposed to
the autonomous ocü ‘house’. It is marked by -li
‘to’ elsehwere. The basic distinction seems to be that he
is used to the exlcusion of -li for referents for
which there is possibly no physical contrast between allative
proper and the sense of ‘near’. Note that although there
can be no physical contrast, the sentences are ambiguous
between the ‘to’ and ‘near’ meanings.
|
| |
|
{
he }3 |
|
|
477 |
.1. |
akha1
ovo2 {
} |
tae
4 |
| |
|
{
*li } |
|
| |
|
Akha1
went4 to/near3
the pig2
|
|
| |
|
|
|
| |
|
{
he }3 |
|
|
|
2. |
ai1
ni2 {
} |
ko4
le5 |
| |
|
{
*-li} |
|
| |
|
I1
will5 come4
to/near3 you
(sg.)2 .
|
|
|
