6.6.1.3.0
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Non-Past
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6.6.1.3.0
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Non-past tense refers to an event or state which is not prior to the time of
the utterance. Thus the non-past in Kuvi refers to the present as
well as the future.
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6.6.1.3.1.
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The non-past tense suffix is f
¥
-d ~ j- ¥
-n. f
occurs when the subject is first person singular, -j ~ -d occurs with second
person plural when the verb root ends in -1 and other vowels respectively,
and -n occurs elsewhere. The tense suffix is added to the verb base which is
then followed by the person-number-gender suffix. Paradigm is given below.
|
na:nu ha? |
‘I go’ |
ma:mbu hannomi |
‘We (excl.) will go’ |
ma:ro hannayi |
‘We (incl.) will go’ |
ni:nu hajji |
‘You go’ |
mi:ru hajjeri |
‘You (pl./hon.) go’ |
evasi hannesi |
‘He goes’ |
edi hanne |
‘She/it goes’ |
evari hanneri |
‘They (masc. hum.) go’ |
evasika/evi hannu |
‘They (non-masc., hum./ |
|
non-hum) go’ |
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6.6.1.3.2.
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Present occurs with adverbs of time
|
na:nu ne?e ra:yagaa
ha? ĩ |
‘I go to Rayagada now’
|
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6.6.1.3.3.
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Future with adverbs of time
|
na:nu
vi?e ra:yagada ha? ĩ
|
‘I will go to Rayagada tomorrow’ |
|
|
Present or future without adverbs of time -ambiguous.
|
na:nue:yumi?ĩ |
‘I
bathe’ (at the time of the speech act) |
|
or ‘I
will bathe’ (at a later time) |
|
6.6.1.3.5
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The non-past tense is also used to express timeless truth as
|
maha:puru kajja manne |
‘God is great’ |
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Habitual action
|
evasi ra:yaga·ahannesi |
‘He goes to Rayagada’
|
ma:mbu dinomi? eka: pihannesi |
‘We drink coffee everyday’ |
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6.7.
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Mood
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Mood is the distinction in the verb to express the speakers point of view
about the occurrence of the event or state.
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6.7.1.
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Indicative :
|
Simple declarative sentences are said to be in the indicative mood. It is
morphologically unmarked.
|
na:nu ijjo hatte?è |
‘I went home’
|
‘He came yesterday’ |
‘He came yesterday’ |
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6.7.2.
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Imperative : |
The imperative mood is used for
expressing commands, requests etc.
|
6.7.2.1
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The imperative suffix is -mu ¥
-du. -mu is used when the subject is second person singular.
|
ki:mu |
‘(you) do’ |
hoņmu |
‘(you) run’ |
hoŗmu |
‘(you) enter’ |
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