| Distant |
hala |
halatum (Human, |
|
(all nouns) |
Animate) |
|
|
halahuy (Neuter)
|
|
In third
person, the singular forms la (Prox.) and hala
(Dist.) are used for all nouns whereas the forms ala ,
alali, alatum and alalitum are used exclusively for human nouns.
The plural forms are latum
and halatum in case of human and inanimate nouns and
lahuy and halahuy for neuter nouns. When
lahuy and halahuy are used for other nouns,
especially for human nouns, the denotation
is derogatory. When huy occurs twice as in lahuyhuy and
halahuyghuy the meaning
includes ‘kinds, types’. |
| Demonstrative Pronouns |
The third
person pronouns la, hala and the corresponding plural
forms are used as demonstrative pronouns.
The singular forms are the same for all nouns. The plural forms
are lahuy and halahuy for all
nouns and latum ans halatum for humn and animate
nouns only. In other words, both the huy
and tum forms are used for human and animate nouns.
|
| |
latum monit
|
‘these are men’
|
lahuy monit
|
‘these (Der.) are men’
|
lahuy kitap
|
‘these are books’
|
la monit
|
‘he (Prox.) is a man’
|
hala monit
|
‘he (Dist.) is a man’
|
la kitap
|
‘it (Prox.) is a book’
|
|
|
The demonstrative adjectives have the same form as that of
the pronouns.
|
1)
|
la monit
|
‘this man’
|
| |
hala monit
|
‘that man’
|
| |
lacho amonit
|
‘this man’
|
| |
halacho amonit
|
‘that man’
|
|
labacho
amonit
|
‘this man’
|
| |
halabacho
amonit
|
‘that man’
|
| |
latum amonit
|
‘these men’
|
|
halatum amonit
|
‘those men’
|
| |
lahuy amonit
|
‘these men’
|
| |
halahuy amonit
|
‘those men’
|
2)
|
la thepi
|
‘this tree’
|
|
hala thepi
|
‘that tree’
|
|
|
lacho athepi
|
‘this tree’
|
|
|
halacho athepi
|
‘that tree’
|
| |
labacho
akitap
|
‘this book’
|
| |
lahuy akitap
|
‘these books’
|
| |
halahuy akitap
|
‘those books’
|
|
|
|
|
| The singular demonstrative adjectives la and hala
are added to some other nouns and adjectives to give rise to
derived pronominal forms. When hala is added, it
becomes ha optionally. |
|
|
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|
