la bajar damta loma
|
‘has he gone to the market?’
|
|
| Double Negative |
The double negative
marker is -e and is formed in the same way as the
negative -e. It occurs after the negative or prohibitive
form of the verb.
|
| vanvanveve |
‘(sub) never bring again |
| |
and again’
|
| erirela |
‘(sub) never left’ |
|
Certainty
|
The certainty indicates
that it is certain that the subject performs the action
mentioned by the verb. It is marked by adding -vek to the
verb base. The tense follows -vek.
|
ne vavekji
|
‘I shall come surely’
|
| la covekpo
|
‘he ate certainly’ |
| ne covekpo
|
‘I will eat certainly’ |
ne covekvepo
|
‘I will not eat certainly’ |
| la covekvelo |
‘he did not eat certainly’ |
|
| Necessity |
It indicates that it is
necessary or a requirement for the subject to perform the action
mentioned by the verb. It also indicates the wish of the subject
to perform the action. It is expressed by adding na
‘need to, want’ to the verb. It occurs after the perfect,continuous, certainty
and completive.
|
|
|
Obligatory |
The obligatory indicates
that it is the duty or moral obligation of the subject to
perform the action mentioned by the verb. There is no separate
marker for the obligatory. The certainty -vek followed by
the necessity na gives the meaning of the obligatory.
|
ne vaveknaji
|
‘I ought to come’ |
| ne vaveknane
|
‘I ought not come’ |
| damveknane
|
‘(sub) ought not go’ |
|
| la vo pithiveknaji |
‘he ought to kill the
bird’
|
| la kitap tokveknaji |
| ‘he ought to write a
book’ |
