|
(do
+ future) |
/th
+ tìh/ |
| 1p |
/th :
ká tìh/ |
‘I
will do’ |
|
/th:
kán tìh/ |
‘we
will do’ |
|
/th:
éi tìh/ |
‘we
will do’ |
| 2p |
/th:
í tìh/ |
‘you
will do’ |
|
/th :
ín tìh |
‘you
will do (pl.)’ |
| 3p |
/th:
á tìh/ |
‘he/she
will do’ |
|
/th:
í n tìh/ |
‘they
will do’ |
|
|
|
|
Similarly,
in
fa:k
+ tih
(eat) +
(future) |
//
will take the place of /k/, For example: |
| /fá:
tìh/ |
‘he
will eat’ |
| /fá:
ká tìh/ |
‘I
will eat’ |
| /fá:
án tìh/ |
‘they
will eat’ etc. |
|
|
|
It
may be noted that in such phrasal future-equivalent
constructions the main verbs and the post positions
need not always form immediate constituents; they could
well be separated by inserting the subject pronouns.
This is rather the most favored from of construction
for expression of future equivalents. The following
examples may be seen. But in case of ‘shall’ in assertive
or demanding sense, the verb does not show any change;
the indicator of determination or, intention /di/,
in place of /tih/,
is added to and the pronoun comes first. The //
sound of /th:/
gets shifted to /di/
and is omitted from verb. |
| 1p |
/ká
th
dí
á nìh/ |
‘I
shall do’ |
|
/kán
th
dí
á nìh/
/éi th
dí
á nìh/ |
‘we
shall do’ |
| 2p |
/í
th
dí
á nìh/ |
‘you
shall do’ |
|
/ín
th
dí
á nìh/ |
‘you
(pl.) shall do’ |
| 3p |
/á
th
dí
á nìh/ |
‘he/she
shall do’ |
|
/án
th
dí
á nìh/ |
‘they
shall do’ |
|
|
|
|
Similarly, |
| /kà
fá:k dì
á nìh/ |
‘I
shall eat’ |
| /kà
fá:k ei-di
á nìh/ |
‘I
must eat’ |
|
|
|
|
Hmar
does not have aspectual inflection. It has devices for
marking present progressive and present perfect progressive
aspects by phrasal constructions. In the absence of
any auxilary marking aspects, the root forms will indicate
initiative aspect only. |
Progressive
|
The
progressive aspect is also realised by phrasal construction
for present and past, and not for future. While present
progressive is realised from present tense verb forms,
the past progressive has no relationship with past equivalents. |
| 3.3.7.1 |
Present
Progressive |
|
This
is realised by using auxilary /zì/,
or /mè:k/ post positional to the present tense verb
form. The verb phrase remains same for all persons and
status, numbers, and genders. The following examples
could be seen: |
| /ká
thát zì/mè:k/ |
‘I
am killing’ |
| /kán
thát zì/mè:k/ |
‘we
(exclusive) are killing’ |
| /ií
thát zì/mè:k/ |
‘we
(inclusive) are killing’ |
| /í/ín
thát zì/mè:k/ |
‘you
are killing’ |
| /á/án
thát zì/mè:k/ |
‘he/she/they
is/are killing’ |
|
|
|
The
progressive aspect of the past equivalent is realised
by using two auxiliaries in the given sequence to the
simple verb forms. /zì/
or /mè:k/ continues to be the terminal auxiliary marking
progressive aspect and /lái/ (and not /tàh/) occurs
in the middle position which marks past. The following
examples may be seen: |
