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the counter suffix /-i/. Besides there are also feminine nouns derived from masculine nouns (which do not have overt gender marker) by adding certain suffixes like {-ni, -ni, -yai, -wai, -ai, -, -i}. These suffixes are mostly lexically conditioned except {i ~ ni} which are phonologically conditioned. Some morphophonemic changes take place in certain stems after the suffixes are added. Examples are:


1.

 

Nouns which end in {-o} in masculine gender take {-i} in feminine except /pItIyo/ etc. A few examples are:
 

Masculine 

Feminine
 

gero 

‘boy’

geri  ‘girl’

bkro 

‘he-goat’ 

bkri  ‘she-goat’

r

‘widower’ 

r

‘widow’

drogo 

‘he-shephered’  drogr  ‘she-shepherd

khojo  

‘a male person khoji  ‘a female person

belonging to the 

from this caste’

caste khojo’(found

in Kashmir)


Exception : /pItIyo/ ‘father’s younger brother’ ending in {-o} does not take {-i} in feminine rather its feminine ‘is /ptEi/ father’s younger brother’s wife’
 

2.

 

Some nouns which do not have {-o} as masculine suffix also take {-i} in the feminine. Such nouns are consonantal ending and also animate.
 

Examples are :
 

kUkk

‘cook’ 

kUk ‘hen’

klbut

‘pigeon’

 klbutri  ‘female pigeon’

hrn 

‘he-deer’ 

hrni  ‘she-deer’

gujr  

‘a male person belonging to gujri

a‘ female person belonging to

Gujar caste’ 

Gujar caste’

šIyd  

‘a male person

šyadi 

‘a female person

from this caste 

person from

(highest the 

this caste’

Muslims)’

lwàr 

‘blacksmith

 lwàri 

‘blacksmith

(man)’ 

(woman)’

kmàr

‘a male potter’   kmàri  ‘a female 
potter’
 

3.

Some nouns belonging to masculine gender take {-¸i ~ ni}. /-ni/ occurs with the nouns ending in retroflex flap and lateral and others take /-i/ suffix in the feminine gender : Examples are :
 

he

‘he-swine’

hni 

‘she swine’

bkrwa

‘a male person 

bkrwani

from this 

‘a female 

community’ 

person from this community’

(who keeps goats and sheep)

ku

‘daughter/son-in-law’s 

kum

‘daughter/

son-in-law’s 

mother’
bazigr

‘a male acrobat’ 

bazigr

‘a female 

acrobat’

s

‘he snake’

sp ‘she snake’

ũh  

‘he camel’ 

ũh ‘she camel’

sur

 

 ‘he pig’

 

suri

 

 ‘she pig’

 

 
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