There are some
transitive verbs such as /l bb-/
‘find’ /lo /
‘want’ /cIm-/
‘cling’ which take nominal form in dative with /na/ postposition and
nominal in the direct form agreeing with the verbs in person-number or
gender-number. Examples are :
|
|
Us
|
na
|
rpIya
|
loẽ
|
|
|
‘He
|
wants
|
money’
|
|
1
|
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
|
1-2 |
4-5 |
3 |
|
| |
|
mInna
|
wo
|
lbyo
|
|
‘I
|
found
|
him’
|
|
1-2
|
3 |
4 |
|
1-2 |
4 |
3 |
|
| |
|
mInna
|
wo
|
cImyo
|
|
‘I
|
clinged
|
him’
|
|
1-2
|
3 |
4 |
|
1-2 |
4 |
3 |
|
|
4. Ditransitive Sentences :
|
|
|
|
There are some transitive verbs which can take two objects. Out of
these penultimate object occurs with /na/ postposition called indirect
object mostly in dative case and the other one is the direct object
preceding the transitive verb which is always in direct form and would
agree with the perfective partciple verb in gender and number. Examples
are :
|
|
hũ
|
gera
|
na
|
ktab
|
dyũ
|
|
‘I
|
give
|
the
|
book
|
to
|
the
|
boy’
|
|
1
|
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
1 |
5-6 |
|
4 |
3 |
|
2 |
|
| |
|
m
|
gera
|
na
|
ktab
|
dItti
|
‘I
|
gave
|
the
|
book
|
to
|
the
|
boy’
|
| 1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
1 |
5 |
|
4 |
3 |
|
2 |
|
| |
|
Usn€
|
mInna |
dFo
|
dItto
|
|
‘He
|
deceived
|
me’
|
|
1 2
|
3 4 |
5 |
6 |
|
1-2 |
5-6 |
3-4 |
|
|
5. Causative Sentences
|
|
In the causative sentences the causative verb is used (see also
3.3.1.3). In the causative sentences the subject of the non-causative sentences take
/na/ or /ko ũ/
and it takes a new instigator of the action functioning as grammatical
subject. Thus at the surface level the subject of the non-causative
sentences function as the object of the causative sentences and the
subject of the causative1 sentences is the
causative agent of the causative sentence. The causative of intransitive
sentences functions like transitive and the causative of transitive
sentences function like distransitive at the surface level.
|
Examples are :
|
|
Intransitive Sentence
|
kò o |
doє |
 |
‘Horse
|
runs’
|
| 1 |
2 |
3 |
1 |
2-3 |
|
|
Causative1 Sentence
|
|
wo
|
kòo
|
dawє
|
/
|
‘He
|
causes
|
horse
|
to
|
run’
|
|
1
|
2 |
3 |
4 |
1 |
3-4 |
2 |
|
3-4 |
|
| |
|
|
|
Causative2 Sentience
|
|
hũ
|
Us |
koũ |
kòo
|
‘I
|
cause
|
him
|
to
|
run
|
the
|
|
1
|
2 |
3 |
4 |
1 |
5-6 |
2 |
|
5-6 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
dwaũ
|
|
|
|
horse’
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
5
|
6 |
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Non-causative :
|
|
wo
|
pa i
|
piyє
|
|
‘He
|
drinks
|
water’
|
|
1
|
2 |
3 |
4 |
1 |
3-4 |
2 |
|
|
Causative :
|
|
hũ
|
Us
|
na
|
pai
|
pyaũ
|
|
|
‘I
|
cause
|
him
|
drink
|
water’
|
|
1
|
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
|
1 |
5-6 |
2-3 |
5-6 |
4 |
|
|
Non-causative :
|
|
wo
|
tInna
|
mk
|
dєgo
|
‘He
|
will
|
give
|
you
|
maize’
|
|
1
|
2 |
3 |
4 |
1 |
|
4 |
2 |
3 |
|
