(b) N Adj V
cop
|
|
hũ
|
bU o
|
|
|
‘I
|
am
|
old’
|
| 1 |
2 |
3 |
|
1 |
3 |
2 |
|
| |
|
mero
|
k r
|
nIkko
|
|
|
‘My
|
house
|
is
|
small’
|
|
1
|
2 |
3 |
4 |
|
1 |
2 |
4 |
3 |
|
| |
|
tũ
|
lmmo
|
|
|
‘You
|
are
|
tall’
|
|
1
|
2 |
3 |
|
1 |
3 |
2 |
|
| |
|
gero
|
b€ţho
|
wo
|
|
|
‘The
|
boy
|
is
|
sitting’
|
| 1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
|
|
1 |
4 |
2-3 |
|
| |
|
gero
|
kh o
|
|
|
‘Boy is standing’
|
| 1 |
2 |
3 |
|
|
|
|
(c) N Av V cop
|
|
kUtto
|
It
|
|
|
‘Dog
|
is
|
here’
|
|
1
|
2 |
3 |
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
wo
|
kr
|
ma
|
|
|
‘He
|
is
|
in
|
the
|
house’
|
| 1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
|
1 |
4 |
3 |
|
2 |
|
| |
|
mero
|
put
|
kr
|
|
|
‘My
|
son
|
is
|
at
|
home’
|
|
1
|
2 |
3 |
4 |
|
1 |
2 |
4 |
|
3 |
|
|
(d) In the copula clause the adjective complement can also be preceded
by an adverb. E.g.
|
|
|
wo
|
jũ
|
tko
|
|
|
‘He
|
is
|
still
|
strong’
|
|
1
|
2 |
3 |
4 |
|
1 |
4 |
2 |
3 |
|
|
(e) There are also clauses in which the present/past tense copula ‘be’
can occur with any noun or nominal phrase complement and the nominal
subject with /na/ postposition functions as topic and in such sentences
the verb copula will agree with the complement noun in person-number or
gender-number whatever case may be. The whole predicate functions as the
discussion of the topic.
|
|
N na N V cop
|
|
tInna
|
pto
|
|
|
‘You
|
know/
|
You
|
have
|
knowledge’
|
|
1
|
2 |
3 |
|
1 |
2-3 |
1 |
3 |
2 |
|
| |
|
bsir
|
na
|
Is
|
gl
|
go
|
pto
|
tho
|
|
‘Basir
|
knew
|
of
|
this
|
thing’
|
|
1
|
|
2 |
3 |
4 |
5
|
6 |
|
1 |
5-6 |
4 |
2 |
3 |
|
|
(f) Besides /ho-/ ‘to be’ occurring in the form of //,
//,//,/tho/
etc. also inflect in the contingent and such sentences are existential in
which subject is constituted of nominal phrase and the predicate of verb
phrase. In such sentences the verb agrees with the complement. There are
further sub classifications of these sentences depending on the nominal
phrase subject constituted of genitive /g-/ or dative postposition /na/.
|
|
(i) /-g-/ occurs after the nominal possessor which is inanimate. For
example.
|
|
ek
|
mina
|
ga
|
tri
|
ta
|
w
|
‘A
|
month
|
has
|
thirty
|
days’
|
| 1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
1 |
2 |
3-6 |
4 |
5 |
|
|
(ii) When the noun/nominal phrase possessor is animate then it takes
the /na/ postposition and it shows the inalienable possession. Examples.
|
|
dand
|
na
|
do
|
sIng
|
w
|
|
‘The
|
bullock
|
has
|
two
|
horns’
|
|
1
|
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
|
|
1-2 |
2-5 |
3 |
4 |
|
| |
|
Us
|
na
|
trє
|
nIkka
|
e
|
|
‘He
|
has
|
three
|
childern’
|
|
1
|
2 |
3 |
4 |
5
|
|
1-2 |
2-5 |
3 |
4 |
|
