| mera
|
ko / |
ko €ek |
koho
|
|
‘I
|
have
|
a
|
house’
|
| 1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
|
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
|
| |
|
gera
|
ko€/ko
|
dand
|
ní
|
|
‘The
|
boy
|
does
|
not
|
have
|
a
|
bullock’
|
| 1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
|
|
1 |
|
4 |
2 |
|
3 |
|
| |
|
dand
|
na
|
do
|
sIng
|
w
|
|
‘The
|
bullock
|
has
|
two
|
horns’
|
| 1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
|
|
1 |
2-5 |
3 |
4 |
|
| |
|
mInna
|
ek
|
gero
|
|
|
‘I
|
have
|
one
|
son’
|
|
1
|
2 |
3 |
4 |
|
1 |
4 |
2 |
3 |
|
|
|
|
This case denotes the location of place, direction and
time where the action is performed. This case is marked by various
postpositions in the language such as {ma} ‘in’ postposition of
intensive ; {w r}
‘on’ postposition of addessive meaning; {ko}
‘to’ {ko€}
‘to’ {dr}
‘towards’ {tk}
‘towards’ {toi}
‘towards’ etc. Many of the adverbs are also used to denote the
locative relation in the language, such as {he h}
‘under’ {Uppr}
‘above’ {bUn} ‘down’ etc. Examples will illustrate.
|
|
(i) Place Locative :
|
|
To denote this case function {ma} ‘in’, {wr}
‘on’, {ko}
{ko€}
‘to’ etc. postpositions and {heh}
‘under’, {Uppr}
‘above’ {bUn} ‘down’ etc. adverbs are used but these markers show
the distinctions of meanings. The use of these markers is mostly
restricted to the preceding nouns with which these occur. Examples are :
|
|
skul
|
ma
|
a
|
|
‘Come
|
in
|
the
|
school’
|
|
1
|
2 |
3 |
|
3 |
2 |
|
1 |
|
| |
|
wo
|
khet
|
ma
|
cle
|
jy€
|
tho
|
|
‘He
|
was
|
going
|
to
|
the
|
field’
|
|
1
|
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
|
1 |
6 |
4-5 |
3 |
|
2 |
|
| |
|
Is
|
 ab
|
ma
|
b o
|
pa i
|
|
|
‘There
|
is
|
lot
|
of
|
water
|
in
|
this
|
pond’
|
|
1
|
2
|
3
|
4
|
5 |
6 |
|
|
6 |
4 |
|
5 |
3 |
1 |
2 |
|
| |
|
hũ
|
kapi
|
wr
|
lIkh
|
réyo
|
u$)
|
|
‘I
|
am
|
writing
|
in/on
|
the
|
note
book’ |
|
1
|
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
|
1 |
6 |
4-5 |
3 |
|
2 |
|
| |
|
wo
|
bnc
|
wr
|
b€ţho
|
wo
|
|
|
‘He
|
is
|
sitting
|
on
|
the
|
bench’
|
|
1
|
2 |
3 |
4 |
5
|
6 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
ktab
|
bnc
|
g€
|
heţh
|
|
|
‘The
|
book
|
is
|
under
|
the
|
bench’
|
|
1
|
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
|
|
1 |
5 |
4 |
|
2-3 |
|
| |
|
Us
|
go
|
kr
|
buţa
|
g€
|
pIcch€
|
|
tree’
|
|
‘His
|
house
|
is
|
behind
|
the
|
tree’
|
|
1
|
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6
|
7 |
4-5 |
|
1-2 |
3 |
7 |
6 |
|
4-5 |
|
| |
|
wo
|
mer€
|
pIcch€
|
clyo
|
aw€
|
|
|
‘He
|
is
|
coming
|
behind
|
me’
|
|
1
|
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
|
1 |
6 |
4-5 |
2 |
3 |
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
kar
|
kr
|
g€
|
sãw€
|
|
|
‘The
|
car
|
is
|
in
|
front
|
of
|
the
|
house’
|
|
1
|
2 |
3 |
4 |
5
|
|
|
1 |
5
|
|
4 |
3 |
|
2 |
|
