| Further a clause such as the underlined one
in (96) can occur with svayam, but not with svayam
as shown in (97). |
| |
| (96) |
|
samay par tilak ji svayam a jayenge;
i
i
time CM tilak ji himself come+FUTURE
unko lane ke liye kisi ke jane
ki zarurat nahi
him bring+Nom CM anybody CM go+Nom
CM necessity NEG
(Tilakji will come on time himself;
nobody
neet go to get him.)
|
| |
|
|
| (97)
|
|
*samay
par svayam tilakji a jayenge;unko lane
i
i
time CM himself tilakji come+FUTURE, him bring
+ Nom
ke liye kisi ke jane ki zarurat nahi
CM anybody CM go+Nom CM necessity NEG
|
|
| Finally, since svayam is an instrumental,
it is no accident that it chooses agent alone as its antecedent,
as noted earlier. In contrast, svayam can relate
to the perceiver as the grammatically of (66) shows. The
facts given above clearly show that svayam is not
really a single anaphor; Differentiating between svayam
and svayam is justified. |
| |
| Thus the N.A-anaphors svayam, apneap
and paraspar all select agents alone as their antecedent,
whereas, A-anaphors choose either the agent or the perceiver
as antecedent. If the N.A-anaphors chose perceiver also
as antecedent, then a general statement would have been
posible regarding the antecedent choice of all anaphors,
whether A or N.A. It is relevant at this stage, then,
to take a look at the N.A-anaphors again and explore if
there is any reason for their not selecting perceivers
as antecedents. |
| |
| Consider, apneap. The fact that the instrumental
svayam is substitutable by apneap, as shown above, suggests
that apneap has the same semantic features as svayam.
it also is an instrument. Let it tentatively be called
"human instrtumental" as against an "inanimate
instrumental". This is indeed a valid distinction,
as the following demonstrates: |
| |
| (98)
|
|
ram
ne chaku se phal kata
ram
CM knife CM fruit cut+PAST
(Ram
cut the fruit with a knife.)
|
| |
|
|
| (99) |
|
ram ne mohan ki madad se phal kata
ram
CM mohan CM help CM fruit cut+PAST
(Ram
cut the fruit with Mohan's help.)
|
| |
|
|
| (100) |
|
ram chaku aur fork se hi khana khata hai
ram
knife and fork CM EMPH food eat+PRES
(Ram
eats food with only knife and fork.)
|
|
