| (89) |
|
svayam bhishma ne usko apni sena ki madad se
i i
himself bhishma CM him self's army CM help CM
parast
kiya
defeat+PAST
(Bhishma
himself defeated him with the help of his army.)
|
| |
|
|
|
| svayam modifies the predicate in specifying
the manner in which the predicate was realised. The manner
here relates to the use of an instrument in some sense
of the term. svayam in this sense has the interpretation
"with one's help?. (88) is ungrammatical not just
only because there are two instrumental phrases but also
because each of them cancels out the other. If one of
these is deleted, the sentence becomes perfectly grammatical: |
| |
| (90) |
|
bhishma ne usko svayam parast kiya
i i
bhishma
CM him himself defeat+PAST
(Bhishma
defeated him himself.)
|
| |
|
|
| (91) |
|
bhishma ne apni sena ki madad se usko parast
i i
bhishma
CM self's army CM help CM him defeat
kiya
Do+PAST
(Bhishma
defeated him with the help of his army.)
|
|
| |
| Consider (89) now: svayam, which we
characterized as svayam, co-occurs with the instrumental
phrase apni sena ki madad se. This shows that svayam
here is not an instrumental phrase, and as such, the of
svayam of (88) and of (89) are not of the same
type one is an instrumental, the other is not. |
| |
| If svayam and svayam are indeed different
in the way suggested above, one would expect there to
be sentences in which both these would occur. Given below
is such a sentence: |
